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Med Chem Final > nomenclature > Flashcards

nomenclature Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the generic name for unbranched, saturated hydrocarbons

A

alkanes

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2
Q

what are the names of the first 4 members of the alkane family

A

methane
ethane
propane
butane

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3
Q

C9 alkane

A

nonane

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4
Q

C11 alkane

A

undecane

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5
Q

C12 alkane

A

Docane

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6
Q

C13 alkane

A

tridecane

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7
Q

C14 alkane

A

tetradecane

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8
Q

C20 alkane

A

eicosane

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9
Q

C16 alkane

A

hexadecane

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10
Q

what is the term for a molecule with 2 double bonds

A

“adiene”

ex:

1,3-Butadiene

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11
Q

what is the term for a molecule with 3 double bonds

A

“atriene”

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12
Q

ethylene

A

CH2=CH2

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13
Q

allene

A

CH2=C=CH2

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14
Q

generic term for triple bond

A

alkyne

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15
Q

molecule with 2 triple bonds

A

“adiyne”

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16
Q

molecule with 3 triple bonds

A

“atriyne”

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17
Q

ending term for a molecule with both double and triple bonds

A

-enyne

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18
Q

ending for a molecule with 2 double bonds and 1 triple bond

A

-adienyne

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19
Q

ending for a molecule with 2 double bonds and 2 triple bonds

A

-adiendiyne

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20
Q

ending for a molecule with 2 triple bonds and 1 double bond

A

-enediyne

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21
Q

is the lowest possible number applied to the saturated or unsaturated carbon?

A

the unsaturated

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22
Q

how do you number a molecule if a double and triple bond are in equivalent positions?

A

assign the lowest number to the double bond

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23
Q

when considering branched saturated chains, it is numbered so that the substituents are given what numbers?

A

the lowest numbers

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24
Q

naming univalent saturated radicals

A

ending replaced with “yl”

ie: alkane becomes “alkyl”

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25
Q

univalent UNSATURATED radical rules

A

ending replaced with “yl”

ene -> enyl

yne–> ynyl

-enyne (for double and triple bonds) becomes –> enynyl

26
Q

what is a bivalent radical

A

2 free valences on the same carbon

27
Q

how are bivalent radicals named

A

name the univalent radical and then add “idene”

28
Q

what is a trivalent radical

A

3 free valences on the same carbon

29
Q

how is a trivalent radical named

A

name univalent radical and then add -idyne

30
Q

how do you number the carbons if there are 2 carbon chains of equal length?

A

use the chain with the MOST side chains as the parent chain

31
Q

what does alicyclic mean

A

contains a ring but is NOT aromatic

32
Q

what is a spiro hydrocarbon?

A

-bicyclic

-when 2 rings have a SINGLE ATOM in common

33
Q

name 3 kinds of bicyclic hydrocarbons

A

spiro, fused, and bridged

34
Q

what is a fused hydrocarbon

A

-bicyclic

-when 2 rings share 2 adjacent atoms

35
Q

what is a bridged hydrocarbon

A

-bicyclic

-when 2 rings share 2 nonadjacent atoms

36
Q

what is the generic name for an aromatic hydrocarbon radical

A

aryl

37
Q

name 3 aromatic hydrocarbon radicals

A

phenyl
benzyl
p-tolyl

38
Q

name 3 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

A

2 fused benzene = naphthalene
3 fused benzene = anthracene
3 fused benzene with tilt = phenanthrene

39
Q

what metabolic reactions can styrene undergo?

A
  1. Formation of epoxide
  2. Ring oxidation
40
Q

-COOH suffix and prefix

A

prefix = carboxy

suffix = -oic acid
carboxylic acid

41
Q

COCl suffix and prefix

A

prefix = chloroformyl

suffix= -oyl chloride
-carbonyl chloride

42
Q

CONH2 suffix and prefix

A

prefix = carbamoyl
suffix = amide
-carboxamide

43
Q

CHO suffix and prefix

A

prefix = oxo and formyl

suffix = al carbaldehyde

44
Q

C=O suffix and prefix

A

prefix = oxo
suffix = one

45
Q

-OH suffix and prefix

A

suffix = -ol

prefix = hydroxy

46
Q

-SH suffix and prefix

A

prefix = mercapto

suffix = thiol

47
Q

-NH2 prefix and suffix

A

prefix = amine

suffix = amino

48
Q

=NH suffix and prefix

A

prefix = imino

suffix = imine

49
Q

R-O-

suffix and prefix

A

suffix = ether

prefix = alkoxy

50
Q

R-S-

suffix and prefix

A

prefix = alkylthio

suffix = sulfide

51
Q

give 2 examples of carboxylic acids

A

benzoic acid
propionic acid

52
Q

name for a hydroxyl attached to benzene

A

a phenol

named by adding -ol to the parent hydrocarbon chain

53
Q

what if there is more than one hydroxy on the benzene ring - how do you name?

A

add prefix to ol

“diol”
“triol”

54
Q

how are dicarboxylic acids named

A

“dioc acid”

55
Q

how do you know whether to name the molecule “oic acid” or “carboxylic acid”

A

if attached to a ring system= carboxylic acid

attached to chain = oic acid

56
Q

how do you name carboxylic acids when used as a substituent

A

prefix “carboxy”

57
Q

esters result from the reaction of…..

A

an acid and an alcohol

58
Q

name the most common heteroatoms

A

O, S, N

59
Q

Between oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, rank them from highest to lowest preference when it comes to naming heterocyclic compounds

A

highest prioirity = O

S

lowest priority = N

60
Q

heteroatoms are cited as…..

A

PREFIXES

O = oxa
Sulfur = Thia
N = aza

A IS REMOVED IN FORMING THE NAME

61
Q
A

Med Chem Final (11 decks)

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