nomenclature Flashcards
what is the generic name for unbranched, saturated hydrocarbons
alkanes
what are the names of the first 4 members of the alkane family
methane
ethane
propane
butane
C9 alkane
nonane
C11 alkane
undecane
C12 alkane
Docane
C13 alkane
tridecane
C14 alkane
tetradecane
C20 alkane
eicosane
C16 alkane
hexadecane
what is the term for a molecule with 2 double bonds
“adiene”
ex:
1,3-Butadiene
what is the term for a molecule with 3 double bonds
“atriene”
ethylene
CH2=CH2
allene
CH2=C=CH2
generic term for triple bond
alkyne
molecule with 2 triple bonds
“adiyne”
molecule with 3 triple bonds
“atriyne”
ending term for a molecule with both double and triple bonds
-enyne
ending for a molecule with 2 double bonds and 1 triple bond
-adienyne
ending for a molecule with 2 double bonds and 2 triple bonds
-adiendiyne
ending for a molecule with 2 triple bonds and 1 double bond
-enediyne
is the lowest possible number applied to the saturated or unsaturated carbon?
the unsaturated
how do you number a molecule if a double and triple bond are in equivalent positions?
assign the lowest number to the double bond
when considering branched saturated chains, it is numbered so that the substituents are given what numbers?
the lowest numbers
naming univalent saturated radicals
ending replaced with “yl”
ie: alkane becomes “alkyl”
univalent UNSATURATED radical rules
ending replaced with “yl”
ene -> enyl
yne–> ynyl
-enyne (for double and triple bonds) becomes –> enynyl
what is a bivalent radical
2 free valences on the same carbon
how are bivalent radicals named
name the univalent radical and then add “idene”
what is a trivalent radical
3 free valences on the same carbon
how is a trivalent radical named
name univalent radical and then add -idyne
how do you number the carbons if there are 2 carbon chains of equal length?
use the chain with the MOST side chains as the parent chain
what does alicyclic mean
contains a ring but is NOT aromatic
what is a spiro hydrocarbon?
-bicyclic
-when 2 rings have a SINGLE ATOM in common
name 3 kinds of bicyclic hydrocarbons
spiro, fused, and bridged
what is a fused hydrocarbon
-bicyclic
-when 2 rings share 2 adjacent atoms
what is a bridged hydrocarbon
-bicyclic
-when 2 rings share 2 nonadjacent atoms
what is the generic name for an aromatic hydrocarbon radical
aryl
name 3 aromatic hydrocarbon radicals
phenyl
benzyl
p-tolyl
name 3 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
2 fused benzene = naphthalene
3 fused benzene = anthracene
3 fused benzene with tilt = phenanthrene
what metabolic reactions can styrene undergo?
- Formation of epoxide
- Ring oxidation
-COOH suffix and prefix
prefix = carboxy
suffix = -oic acid
carboxylic acid
COCl suffix and prefix
prefix = chloroformyl
suffix= -oyl chloride
-carbonyl chloride
CONH2 suffix and prefix
prefix = carbamoyl
suffix = amide
-carboxamide
CHO suffix and prefix
prefix = oxo and formyl
suffix = al carbaldehyde
C=O suffix and prefix
prefix = oxo
suffix = one
-OH suffix and prefix
suffix = -ol
prefix = hydroxy
-SH suffix and prefix
prefix = mercapto
suffix = thiol
-NH2 prefix and suffix
prefix = amine
suffix = amino
=NH suffix and prefix
prefix = imino
suffix = imine
R-O-
suffix and prefix
suffix = ether
prefix = alkoxy
R-S-
suffix and prefix
prefix = alkylthio
suffix = sulfide
give 2 examples of carboxylic acids
benzoic acid
propionic acid
name for a hydroxyl attached to benzene
a phenol
named by adding -ol to the parent hydrocarbon chain
what if there is more than one hydroxy on the benzene ring - how do you name?
add prefix to ol
“diol”
“triol”
how are dicarboxylic acids named
“dioc acid”
how do you know whether to name the molecule “oic acid” or “carboxylic acid”
if attached to a ring system= carboxylic acid
attached to chain = oic acid
how do you name carboxylic acids when used as a substituent
prefix “carboxy”
esters result from the reaction of…..
an acid and an alcohol
name the most common heteroatoms
O, S, N
Between oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, rank them from highest to lowest preference when it comes to naming heterocyclic compounds
highest prioirity = O
S
lowest priority = N
heteroatoms are cited as…..
PREFIXES
O = oxa
Sulfur = Thia
N = aza
A IS REMOVED IN FORMING THE NAME
