nomenclature

Question 1

what is the generic name for unbranched, saturated hydrocarbons

Answer 1

alkanes

Question 2

what are the names of the first 4 members of the alkane family

Answer 2

methane
ethane
propane
butane

Question 3

C9 alkane

Answer 3

nonane

Question 4

C11 alkane

Answer 4

undecane

Question 5

C12 alkane

Answer 5

Docane

Question 6

C13 alkane

Answer 6

tridecane

Question 7

C14 alkane

Answer 7

tetradecane

Question 8

C20 alkane

Answer 8

eicosane

Question 9

C16 alkane

Answer 9

hexadecane

Question 10

what is the term for a molecule with 2 double bonds

Answer 10

“adiene”

ex:

1,3-Butadiene

Question 11

what is the term for a molecule with 3 double bonds

Answer 11

“atriene”

Question 12

ethylene

Answer 12

CH2=CH2

Question 13

allene

Answer 13

CH2=C=CH2

Question 14

generic term for triple bond

Answer 14

alkyne

Question 15

molecule with 2 triple bonds

Answer 15

“adiyne”

Question 16

molecule with 3 triple bonds

Answer 16

“atriyne”

Question 17

ending term for a molecule with both double and triple bonds

Answer 17

-enyne

Question 18

ending for a molecule with 2 double bonds and 1 triple bond

Answer 18

-adienyne

Question 19

ending for a molecule with 2 double bonds and 2 triple bonds

Answer 19

-adiendiyne

Question 20

ending for a molecule with 2 triple bonds and 1 double bond

Answer 20

-enediyne

Question 21

is the lowest possible number applied to the saturated or unsaturated carbon?

Answer 21

the unsaturated

Question 22

how do you number a molecule if a double and triple bond are in equivalent positions?

Answer 22

assign the lowest number to the double bond

Question 23

when considering branched saturated chains, it is numbered so that the substituents are given what numbers?

Answer 23

the lowest numbers

Question 24

naming univalent saturated radicals

Answer 24

ending replaced with “yl”

ie: alkane becomes “alkyl”

Question 25

univalent UNSATURATED radical rules

Answer 25

ending replaced with "yl" ene -> enyl yne--> ynyl -enyne (for double and triple bonds) becomes --> enynyl

Question 26

what is a bivalent radical

Answer 26

2 free valences on the same carbon

Question 27

how are bivalent radicals named

Answer 27

name the univalent radical and then add "idene"

Question 28

what is a trivalent radical

Answer 28

3 free valences on the same carbon

Question 29

how is a trivalent radical named

Answer 29

name univalent radical and then add -idyne

Question 30

how do you number the carbons if there are 2 carbon chains of equal length?

Answer 30

use the chain with the MOST side chains as the parent chain

Question 31

what does alicyclic mean

Answer 31

contains a ring but is NOT aromatic

Question 32

what is a spiro hydrocarbon?

Answer 32

-bicyclic -when 2 rings have a SINGLE ATOM in common

Question 33

name 3 kinds of bicyclic hydrocarbons

Answer 33

spiro, fused, and bridged

Question 34

what is a fused hydrocarbon

Answer 34

-bicyclic -when 2 rings share 2 adjacent atoms

Question 35

what is a bridged hydrocarbon

Answer 35

-bicyclic -when 2 rings share 2 nonadjacent atoms

Question 36

what is the generic name for an aromatic hydrocarbon radical

Answer 36

aryl

Question 37

name 3 aromatic hydrocarbon radicals

Answer 37

phenyl benzyl p-tolyl

Question 38

name 3 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Answer 38

2 fused benzene = naphthalene 3 fused benzene = anthracene 3 fused benzene with tilt = phenanthrene

Question 39

what metabolic reactions can styrene undergo?

Answer 39

1. Formation of epoxide 2. Ring oxidation

Question 40

-COOH suffix and prefix

Answer 40

prefix = carboxy suffix = -oic acid carboxylic acid

Question 41

COCl suffix and prefix

Answer 41

prefix = chloroformyl suffix= -oyl chloride -carbonyl chloride

Question 42

CONH2 suffix and prefix

Answer 42

prefix = carbamoyl suffix = amide -carboxamide

Question 43

CHO suffix and prefix

Answer 43

prefix = oxo and formyl suffix = al carbaldehyde

Question 44

C=O suffix and prefix

Answer 44

prefix = oxo suffix = one

Question 45

-OH suffix and prefix

Answer 45

suffix = -ol prefix = hydroxy

Question 46

-SH suffix and prefix

Answer 46

prefix = mercapto suffix = thiol

Question 47

-NH2 prefix and suffix

Answer 47

prefix = amine suffix = amino

Question 48

=NH suffix and prefix

Answer 48

prefix = imino suffix = imine

Question 49

R-O- suffix and prefix

Answer 49

suffix = ether prefix = alkoxy

Question 50

R-S- suffix and prefix

Answer 50

prefix = alkylthio suffix = sulfide

Question 51

give 2 examples of carboxylic acids

Answer 51

benzoic acid propionic acid

Question 52

name for a hydroxyl attached to benzene

Answer 52

a phenol named by adding -ol to the parent hydrocarbon chain

Question 53

what if there is more than one hydroxy on the benzene ring - how do you name?

Answer 53

add prefix to ol "diol" "triol"

Question 54

how are dicarboxylic acids named

Answer 54

"dioc acid"

Question 55

how do you know whether to name the molecule "oic acid" or "carboxylic acid"

Answer 55

if attached to a ring system= carboxylic acid attached to chain = oic acid

Question 56

how do you name carboxylic acids when used as a substituent

Answer 56

prefix "carboxy"

Question 57

esters result from the reaction of.....

Answer 57

an acid and an alcohol

Question 58

name the most common heteroatoms

Answer 58

O, S, N

Question 59

Between oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, rank them from highest to lowest preference when it comes to naming heterocyclic compounds

Answer 59

highest prioirity = O S lowest priority = N

Question 60

heteroatoms are cited as.....

Answer 60

PREFIXES O = oxa Sulfur = Thia N = aza A IS REMOVED IN FORMING THE NAME