Nomenclature Flashcards
of carbons in the main chain prefixes
meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec
meth-
1 carbon
eth-
2 carbons
prop-
3 carbons
but-
four carbons
pent-
5 carbons
hex-
6 carbons
hept-
seven carbons
oct-
8 carbons
non-
9 carbons
dec-
10 carbons
Naming an unbranched alkane
of Carbons prefix + ane
-Ane
refers to alkane
Naming a branched alkane
- Find the longest continuous chain
- Number each substituent so that the substituent has lowest carbon number
- Find the carbon that the substituent goes off of
- Put carbon number substituent goes off of + substituent + root name together
Substituent
attached to main chain, branch
Common substituent names
methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, secbutyl, tertbutyl
Methyl
CH3
Ethyl
CH2CH3
Propyl
CH2CH2CH3
Butyl
CH2CH2CH2CH3
Isopropyl
looks like fork or antibody structure
Isobutyl
has CH2 before going into antibody structure
tert-butyl
looks like a chicken stick claw
sec-butyl
looks like an antibody attached to an antigen on one end
Dashes
separate numbers and letters
commas
separate numbers only
2 or more substituents present in molecule
Number in a way so that the substituent that occurs first gets the lowest number
What do di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa- denote?
they denote the number of a certain type of substituent (substituent is the same in the different areas its found in) in a molecule
2 or more different substituents present in molecule
- List in alphabetical order
- Number the chain in a way that gives the lowest carbon number to the 1st substituent encountered
what happens if both different substituents are encountered at the same time?
Go alphabetically then
Di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-
not included in alphabetizing when it comes to the 2 or more different substituents situation
2 or more main chains have the same length
Choose the main chain with more substituents
Cycloalkanes
alkane joined in a ring
Cyclopropane
triangle-like structure, 3-carbon
Cyclobutane
square-like structure, 4-carbon
Cyclopentane
pentagon-like structure, 5-carbon
Cycloalkanes with 1 substituent
no carbon number in front of substituent name e.g. methylcyclopentane
Cycloalkanes with 2 substitiuents
- number the carbons to where you get to the substituents in the lowest possible number of carbons but do this alphabetically
e.g. if you have an ethyl and a methyl substituent, then start numbering at the ethyl since E is first in the alphabet, but make sure to number so that you get to the methyl group through the shortest path of carbons
Cycloalkanes with 3 substituents
- Number substituents so that the sum of the numbers is the lowest possible
- List the substituents in alphabetical order
Alcohol suffix
-ol
Alkyne suffix
-yne
Alkene suffix
-ene
Alkyl halide
The halogen of an alkyl halide is treated as a substituent on an alkane chain. Listed alphabetically since different substituent
e.g. chloro-, fluro-, bromo-, iodo-, etc (Replace the-ine with an o)
Alkene + Alcohol
Alcohol has priority–>-ol is used; carbon number of where the double bond starts followed by the prefix “en-“,
Alkenes + Alkyl Halides
Alkyl halide will be a prefix; alkene will take priority (-ene)
Alkyne +Alkyl Halides
Alkyne takes priority, halide will be prefix
Alkynes + Alcohols
Alcohol takes priority (end with -ol); carbon number of where triple bond start followed by -yn will be prefix.
