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NAQT You Gotta Know > Nobel Prize Winners in Physiology or Medicine > Flashcards

Nobel Prize Winners in Physiology or Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the first British recipient of the Nobel Prize?

A

Ronald Ross

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2
Q

Who was recognized for his work related to the transmission of malaria?

A

Ronald Ross

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3
Q

Who won the Nobel Prize in 1902

A

Ronald Ross

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4
Q

Who, while studying in India, dissected a mosquito of the species Anopheles (which he termed “dappled-winged” due to its strange posture), and discovered the presence of the malarial parasite (from the genus Plasmodium).

A

Ronald Ross

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5
Q

Who used birds to demonstrate that the parasite is stored in the salivary gland of mosquitoes and is released when a host is bitten?

A

Ronald Ross

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6
Q

Who received the Nobel prize individually in 1902, after fellow bacteriologist Robert Koch voiced his support for him over Italian scientist Giovanni Battista Grassi, who had reported similar findings on the malaria lifecycle.

A

Ronald Ross

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7
Q

Who performed detailed research on the process of digestion, which he published in 1897 in The Work of the Digestive System?

A

Ivan Pavlov

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8
Q

Who was able to study in detail how material moves through the stomach and intestines; he identified the timing of various gastric and pancreatic secretions

A

Ivan Pavlov

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9
Q

Who performing the first psychological studies of classical conditioning?

A

Ivan Pavlov

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10
Q

Who won the Nobel Prize in 1904

A

Ivan Pavlov

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11
Q

Who won the Nobel prize in 1905?

A

Robert Koch

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12
Q

Who pioneered the field of modern bacteriology, and established his theory of four postulates that must be satisfied in order to determine that a disease is caused by a particular microbe.

A

Robert Koch

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13
Q

Who used these postulates to discover the bacterial agent that causes tuberculosis, contradicting the popular opinion that the disease was inherited

A

Robert Koch

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14
Q

Who determined the causative agents of cholera and anthrax and examined the concept of acquired immunity while on exhibition in German New Guinea?

A

Robert Koch

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15
Q

Who won the Nobel prize in 1908?

A

Paul Ehrlich

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16
Q

Who performed early work in the field of immunology?

A

Paul Ehrlich

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17
Q

Who discovered that, after exposing mice to a small dose of ricin and gradually increasing the dose given, the animals developed an immunity to it?

A

Paul Ehrlich

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18
Q

Who postulated the concept of a “magic bullet,” a compound that could be used to selectively target and eliminate agents of disease?

A

Paul Ehrlich

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19
Q

Who made his own “magic bullet” in 1909 when he discovered that the compound arsphenamine (now called Salvarsan) could be used as an effective cure for syphilis?

A

Paul Ehrlich

20
Q

Who developed a close friendship with Robert Koch after presenting him with an improved technique for staining bacteria, which would become the precursor to the technique of Gram staining.

A

Paul Ehrlich

21
Q

Who won the Nobel prize in 1924?

A

Willem Einthoven

22
Q

Who performed groundbreaking work related to electrocardiography?

A

Willem Einthoven

23
Q

Who invented a device called the string galvanometer to measure the electric current of the heart, which until then had been impossible without applying electrodes directly to the heart?

A

Willem Einthoven

24
Q

Who invented a device called the string galvanometer to measure the electric current of the heart, which until then had been impossible without applying electrodes directly to the heart?

A

Willem Einthoven

25
Q

Who’s method of assigning three leads on human limbs, forming an inverted equilateral triangle centered on the heart, is still used in EKGs today, and is known as this man’s triangle?

A

Willem Einthoven

26
Q

Who assigned the letters ‘P’, ‘Q’, ‘R’, ‘S’, and ‘T’ to the various deflections seen on an EKG; that notation, which describes the familiar QRS complex pattern, is also still used today?

A

Willem Einthoven

27
Q

Who won the Nobel prize in 1930?

A

Karl Landsteiner

28
Q

Who is known as the “father of transfusions,”?

A

Karl Landsteiner

29
Q

Who made important discoveries in the field of serology in the early 1900s, including the identification of the three major blood groups (A, B, and O).

A

Karl Landsteiner

30
Q

Who determined that mixing blood from two individuals with incompatible blood types can lead to a dangerous form of blood clumping called agglutination.

A

Karl Landsteiner

31
Q

Who identified the Rh factor (the “plus” or “minus” in one’s blood type) in the blood of the rhesus monkey, a discovery which further increased the safety of blood transfusions?

A

Karl Landsteiner

32
Q

Who, while studying in Vienna in 1908, isolated the polio virus, providing the basis for Jonas Salk’s vaccine against the disease?

A

Karl Landsteiner

33
Q

Who won the Nobel prize in 1933?

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan

34
Q

Who discovered the basic mechanisms of genetic inheritance via his experiments on fruit flies, specifically the species Drosophila melanogaster?

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan

35
Q

Who’s data supported the idea of genetic linkage by noting that the probability of two genes being inherited together correlates inversely with their physical distance on a given chromosome, leading him to postulate the mechanism of crossing over.

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan

36
Q

Who won the Nobel prize in 1945?

A

Alexander Fleming

37
Q

Who made the accidental discovery of the antibiotic penicillin after haphazardly stacking Petri dishes in the corner of his notoriously untidy laboratory?

A

Alexander Fleming

38
Q

Who noticed that one culture of the Staphylococcus that he was studying had developed a fungus that destroyed all the nearby colonies of bacteria?

A

Alexander Fleming

39
Q

Which two people won the Nobel prize in 1962?

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

40
Q

Which two people discovered the molecular structure of DNA?

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

41
Q

Which people published the well-known double-helix structure based on “Photo 51,” an X-ray diffraction image of DNA produced by Rosalind Franklin.

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

42
Q

Who won the Nobel prize in 1983

A

Barbara McClintock

43
Q

Who described the existence of transposons, also called “jumping genes,” from her observations that certain DNA sequences on the maize she was studying could change position on a chromosome.

A

Barbara McClintok

44
Q

Who hypothesized that these “controlling elements” were regulatory in nature, and that their motion around the genome could be the driving factor behind how two identical genetic sequences can exert different functions.

A

Barbara McClintok

45
Q

Who is the only non-shared female recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

A

Barbara McClintok

NAQT You Gotta Know (3 decks)

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