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A and P 2 CV 1 cards > No No No Don’t Phunk With My Heart Anatomy COPY card 46-89 > Flashcards

No No No Don’t Phunk With My Heart Anatomy COPY card 46-89 Flashcards

1
Q

heart valve movements are the result?

A
  • orientation of the valves attachments
  • pressure difference between the two sides of the valve
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2
Q

Which two valves are classified as atrioventricular valves and which two are classified as semilunar valves?

A

av valves-tricuspid and mitral

semilunar-pulmonic and aortic

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3
Q

a dense fibrous connective tissue surrounding the four valves of the heart

A

fibrous Skelton

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4
Q

four fused fibrous rings provide the attachment for the cusps of the cardiac valves

A

fibrous Skelton

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5
Q

serves as attachment for the atrial and ventricular cardiac myocytes

A

fibrous Skelton

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6
Q

what is the functional significances of the fibrous Skelton?

A
  • electrically isolates the atrial and ventricular cardiac muscle masses
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7
Q

due to the fibrous Skelton the only normal path for electrical impulses between the atria and ventricle is through?

A

the conducting system

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8
Q

Which coronary artery arises from an ostia in the root of the ascending aorta around the right margin of the heart to the posterior part of the right atrium and ventricle

A

right coronary artery

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9
Q

Which coronary artery arises from an ostia in the root of the ascending aorta?

A

left and right coronary artery

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10
Q

in about ⅔ of individuals the right coronary artery ends by forming the ___________

A

posterior interventricular artery

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11
Q

the right coronary artery arises from an ostia in the root of the ascending aorta around the right margin of the heart to the posterior part of the right atrium and ventricle. What course does it take and where does it terminate?

A
  • runs in the coronary sulcus (depression between the atria and ventricles
  • in about ⅔ of individuals the right coronary artery ends by forming the posterior interventricular artery
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12
Q

What parts of the heart does the right coronary artery supply? 4

A

What parts of the heart does the right coronary artery supply? 4

  1. most of the right atrium and ventricle
  2. the conducting system as far as the proximal parts of the right and left bundle branches
  3. posterior of the interventricular septum
  4. significant part of the inferior (diaphragmatic) surface of the left ventricles
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13
Q

The left coronary artery arises from the ostia in the root of the ascending aorta. What course does it take after that?

A
  • runs a short distance (2cm) before branching into the anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries
  • anterior interventricular/left anterior descending artery-runs in the anterior interventricular sulcus inferiorly toward the apex of the heart
  • the circumflex artery runs in the coronary sulcus around the left side of the left side of the posterior-inferior surface
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14
Q

the left coronary artery supplies the anterior interventricular which supplies?

3

A
  1. anterior portion of the left ventricle
  2. anterior ⅔ of the interventricular septum
  3. distal parts of the left and right bundle branches
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15
Q

the left coronary artery supplies the circumflex which supplies?

2

A
  1. left atrium
  2. left diaphragmatic surfaces of the left ventricle
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16
Q

List, in functional order, the components of the impulse conducting system of the heart.

6

A
  1. sinoatrial node (SA)
  2. atrial musculature
  3. atrioventricular node (AV)
  4. atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of his)
  5. bundle branches: right and left
  6. network of purkinje fibers
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17
Q

the conducting system is composed of specialized cardiac myocytes located where?

A

in the heart wall “subendocardial” between the endocardium and myocardium

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18
Q

Where is the sinoatrial node located?

A

wall of the right atrium at the junction of the atrium and superior vena cava

19
Q

From the SA node impulse spreads to the?

A

atrial musculature

20
Q

What conducts the impulse from the right to left atrium?

A

Bachmann’s turner overdrive bundle

21
Q

Where is this atrioventricular node located?

3

A
  1. right atrium
  2. opposite the sinoatrial node
  3. between the interatrial septum and tricuspid
22
Q

runs from the AV node passes through the fibrous skeleton and runs a short distance in the posterior margin of the membranous interventricular septum before branching

A

atrioventricular bundle

23
Q

which bundle branch is thicker and splits into a thinner anterior fascicle and a thick posterior fascicle

A

left bundle branch

24
Q

Right or left bundle branch?

a thin branch that runs toward the apex on the right side of the ventricular septum

A

right bundle branch

25
Q

the bundle branches subdivide into a complex network of ______ _____ ____

A

individual Purkinje fibers (specialized cardiac myocytes)

26
Q

the purkinjie fibers branch out over the _________surfaces of both _______ and terminate on working ______ _______.

A

the purkinjie fibers branch out over the subendocardial surfaces of both ventricles and terminate on working cardiac myocytes

27
Q

What specific parts of the heart are, and are not, innervated by the parasympathetic nerve fibers?

A
  • nodal myocytes in the SA and AV nodes and the working myocytes in the atria
  • not the working myocytes in the ventricles
28
Q

What specific parts of the heart are, and innervated by the sympathetic nerve fibers?

3

A
  1. nodal myocytes in the SA and AV nodes
  2. atrial and ventricular working myocytes
  3. smooth muscle of the coronary vessels
29
Q

the cellular structure of cardiac muscle is nearly identical to skeletal muscle except______. 7 differences

A
  • Functionally the same.
  1. t tubules run down z line the sarcolemma invaginates deeply into the cell, in contrast to SKM the t tubules invaginate at the intersection of the A and I band
  2. very abundant mitochondria
  3. because of the passive tension properties of cardiac muscle there is only an H zone when sarcomeres are stretched beyond a normal resting length
  4. cardiac muscle t tubules 5 times larger diameter and 25 times larger in volume than SKM, cardiac muscle is dependent upon extracellular Calcium for excitation-contraction coupling; large t tubules put more ECF close to contractile apparatus
  5. small diameter sacrotubles
  6. no well defined cisternae or developed sarcoplasmic reticulum
  7. flattened portion of sarcoplasmic reticulum do adjoin the t tubules to form diads as opposed to triad in skm
30
Q

the conducting system of the cardiac system is in the _______tissue not the ______tissue

A

muscle not nervous

“cardiac myocytes”

31
Q

nodal myocytes are located where?

A

sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes of the atria

32
Q

The ______ are irregularly shaped small myocytes, with sparse myofibrils, poorly developed sarcoplasmic reticulum, no t tubular system, and electrical continuity with adjacent fibers.

A

nodal myocytes

33
Q

the significance of the _______voltage gated ion channels in these cells cause them to spontaneously depolarize at regular intervals.

A

nodal myocytes

34
Q

purkinjie fibers are located where?

A
  • atrioventricular bundle “bundle of his”
  • left and right bundle branches
  • network that penetrates into the ventricular mass and terminates on ventricular myocardial cells
35
Q

large elongated fibers, that make contact end to end through intercalated discs with numerous gap junctions, spares myofibrils

A

purkinjie fibers

36
Q

conduct impulses through the ventricles about 6 times faster than atrial or ventricular myocardial cells

A

purkinjie fibers

37
Q

What attaches adjacent cardiac muscle cells to each other?

fit together like fingers in clasped hands

A

intercalated disc-complex of end to end connection between adjacent myocytes

38
Q

What are the components of intercalated disc?

A

desmosomes

gap junctions

39
Q

main structural component of an intercalated disc, mechanically connect cardiac myocytes to each other and transmit force from cell to cell

A

desmosomes

40
Q

the electrical component of intercalated disc, allows ions to flow easily from one cell to the next, increase velocity of impulse transmissions from cell to cell

A

gap junctions

41
Q

normally impulses pass from the atrial myocytes to the ventricular myocytes only via the _____ _______.

A

atrioventricular bundle

42
Q

When a single myocyte in a chamber is excited, electrical impulse does what?

A

spreads to all of the cells within the chamber

43
Q

what divides the heart into atrial myocytes and ventricular myocytes

A

fibrous “cardiac skeleton”

44
Q

every cardiac myocytes is in______ _______with every other cardiac myocyte.

A

electrical continuity

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