No No No Don’t Phunk With My Heart Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
what part of the heart is the base and where is it situated in relationship to the rest of the heart?
A
- the anterior part of the heart is the base
- The base is superior and posterior
2
Q
What part of the heart is the “apex” and where is it situated in relation to the rest of the heart?
A
- apex is the point, the bottom
- the apex is inferior and more anterior in the body in comparison to the base
3
Q
fibrous connective tissue bag surrounding the heart
A
fibrous pericardium
4
Q
Which layer of the pericardium is dense collagen fibers, not easily stretchable
A
fibrous pericardium
5
Q
Which layer of the pericardium is attached to the superior surface of the diaphragm?
A
fibrous pericardium
6
Q
Which layer of the pericardium is blends with connective tissues surrounding the great vessels(aorta, vena cava, pulmonary trunk)?
A
fibrous pericardium
7
Q
Which layer of the pericardium is a thin, continuous, serous membrane that forms a double layer around the heart
A
serous pericardium
8
Q
Which layer of the pericardium is, it covers the external surface of the heart wall and great vessels and the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium.
A
serous pericardium
9
Q
Which layer of the pericardium is this?
- thin layer adheres to the fibrous pericardium
- very difficult to sperate from the fibrous pericardium in anatomical specimens
A
serous pericardium outer layer
(aka parietal pericardium)
10
Q
serous membrane , it secretes serous fluid into the pericardial cavity in order to reduce friction as the heart beats within its protective sac, the pericardium
A
serous pericardium inner layer (aka visceral pericardium)
11
Q
a potential space between the two layers of the serous pericardium containing a thin film of lubricating serous fluid
A
pericardial cavity
12
Q
Where is each layer located in relation to the layers of the heart wall and the other layer of the pericardium?
A
13
Q
the serous pericardium on the external surface of the heart
A
epicardium
14
Q
the serous pericardium on the external surface of the heart
A
epicardium
15
Q
layer of cardiac muscle and the cardiac conducting system; thickness varies depending on the work required of the muscle
A
myocardium
16
Q
what lies between the myocardium and epicardium?
A
coronary vessels and a variable amount of fat
17
Q
simple squamous lining the of the heart; continuous with endothelium of blood vessels
A
endocardium
18
Q
which has the the thinnest wall of all the chambers?
A
right atrium
19
Q
venous return from the head, neck, upper limbs and chest wall?
in what chamber?
A
superior vena cava
right atrium
20
Q
venous return from everything inferior to the thoracic diaphragm
located in what chamber?
A
inferior vena cava
right atrium
21
Q
venous return from the coronary circulation?
located in what chamber?
A
coronary sinus
right atrium
22
Q
connects the right atrium and ventricle?
(aka right atrioventricular valve)
located in which chamber?
A
tricuspid valve
23
Q
what supports the tricuspid valve’s function?
located in which chamber?
A
papillary muscles and tendinous cords
right ventricle
24
Q
the pulmonary trunk opens from where?
A
the upper portion of the right ventricle
25
regulates the flow of blood into the pulmonary trunk?
located in which chamber?
pulmonic valve
right ventricle
26
there are usually and total of four pulmonary veins; two from each lung
located in which chamber?
left atrium
27
connects the left atrium and ventricle
located in which chamber?
aka left atrioventricular valve
mitral valve
left atrium
28
thickest wall of the heart chambers; \_\_\_\_times thicker than the right ventricle
left ventricle
29
what supports the mitral valve's function?
what chamber is mitral valve located?
papillary muscles and tendinous cords
left ventricle
30
ascending aorta opens from the upper part of this ventricle
left ventricle
31
regulates the flow of blood into the aorta
what chamber is it located
aortic valve
left ventricle
32
what septum separates the left and right atria
interatrial septum
33
what is the septa?
walls between the chambers
34
a thin depression in the middle of the interatrial septum; remnant of the foramen ovale of the fetal heart
fossa ovalis
part of interatrial septum
35
what septum separates the left and right ventricle
interventricular septum
36
most of the interventricular septum is formed of ____ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_.
thick cardiac muscle
| (muscular part)
37
a small area in the upper part of the interventricular septum is composed of a thin membrane; most common site of interventricular septal defects
membranous part of interventricular septum
38
the structure of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_is described as broad, flat valves cusps: flaps of dense connective tissue covered with endocardium
atrioventricular valve
right av-tricuspid valve
left av-mitral valve
39
the cusp of the atrioventricular valves(tricuspid and mitral) are held in position by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_attached to ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in the \_\_\_\_\_\_, preventing cusps from _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_
the cusp of the atrioventricular valves(tricuspid and mitral) are held in position by **tendinous cords** attached to **papillary muscles** in the **ventricles**, preventing cusps from **being everted**
40
three concave cups of roughly equal size
structure of semilunar valves
41
composed of thin fibrous connective tissue covered by endocardium
cusp of semilunar valves
42
what is the hollow space inside the closed valve cusp of a semilunar valve
sinus
43
the semilunar valves are self supporting and have no _____ or \_\_\_\_\_\_
papillary muscles or tendinous cords
44
what valve controls flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk
pulmonic valve (a semilunar valve)
45
heart valves are \_\_\_\_\_\_structures: valve cusps are not directly opened and closed by the _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_
passive
pull of muscle contraction
46
heart valve movements are the result?
* orientation of the valves attachments
* pressure difference between the two sides of the valve
47
Which two valves are classified as atrioventricular valves and which two are classified as semilunar valves?
av valves-tricuspid and mitral
semilunar-pulmonic and aortic
48
a dense fibrous connective tissue surrounding the four valves of the heart
fibrous Skelton
49
what are the four fused fibrous rings provide the attachment for the cusps of the cardiac valves
fibrous Skelton
50
serves as attachment for the atrial and ventricular cardiac myocytes
fibrous Skelton
51
what is the functional significances of the fibrous Skelton?
* electrically isolates the atrial and ventricular cardiac muscle masses
52
due to the fibrous Skelton the only normal path for electrical impulses between the atria and ventricle is through?
the conducting system
53
Which coronary artery arises from an ostia in the root of the ascending aorta around the right margin of the heart to the posterior part of the right atrium and ventricle
right coronary artery
54
Which coronary artery arises from an ostia in the root of the ascending aorta?
left and right coronary artery
55
in about ⅔ of individuals the right coronary artery ends by forming the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
posterior interventricular artery
56
the right coronary artery arises from an ostia in the root of the ascending aorta around the right margin of the heart to the posterior part of the right atrium and ventricle. What course does it take and where does it terminate?
the right coronary artery arises from an ostia in the root of the ascending aorta around the right margin of the heart to the posterior part of the right atrium and ventricle. What course does it take and where does it terminate?
* runs in the coronary sulcus (depression between the atria and ventricles
* in about ⅔ of individuals the right coronary artery ends by forming the posterior ventricle artery
57
What parts of the heart does the right coronary artery supply? 4
1. most of the right atrium and ventricle
2. the conducting system as far as the proximal parts of the right and left bundle branches
3. posterior of the interventricular septum
4. significant part of the inferior (diaphragmatic) surface of the left ventricles
58
The left coronary artery arises from the ostia in the root of the ascending aorta. What course does it take after that?
* runs a short distance (2cm) before branching into the anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries
* anterior interventricular/left anterior descending artery-runs in the anterior interventricular sulcus inferiorly toward the apex of the heart
* the circumflex artery runs in the coronary sulcus around the left side of the left side of the posterior-inferior surface
59
the left coronary artery supplies the anterior interventricular which supplies?
* anterior portion of the left ventricle
* anterior ⅔ of the interventricular septum
* distal parts of the left and right bundle branches
60
the left coronary artery supplies the circumflex which supplies?
* left atrium
* left diaphragmatic surfaces of the left ventricle
61
List, in functional order, the components of the impulse conducting system of the heart.
6
1. sinoatrial node (SA)
2. atrial musculature
3. atrioventricular node (AV)
4. atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of his)
5. bundle branches: right and left
6. network of purkinje fibers
62
the conducting system is composed of specialized cardiac myocytes located where?
in the heart wall “subendocardial” between the endocardium and myocardium
63
Where is the sinoatrial node located?
wall of the right atrium at the junction of the atrium and superior vena cava
64
From the SA node impulse spreads to the?
atrial musculature
65
What conducts the impulse from the right to left atrium?
Bachmann's turner overdrive bundle
66
Where is this atrioventricular node located?
Where is this atrioventricular node located?
right atrium opposite the sinoatrial node between the interatrial septum and tricuspid
67
runs from the AV node passes through the fibrous skeleton and runs a short distance in the posterior margin of the membranous interventricular septum before branching
atrioventricular bundle
bundle of his
68
which bundle branch is thicker and splits into a thinner anterior fascicle and a thick posterior fascicle
left bundle branch
69
Right or left bundle branch?
a thin branch that runs toward the apex on the right side of the ventricular septum
right bundle branch
70
the bundle branches subdivide into a complex network of ______ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_
individual Purkinje fibers (specialized cardiac myocytes)
71
the purkinjie fibers branch out over the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_surfaces of both _______ and terminate on working ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
the purkinjie fibers branch out over the **subendocardial** surfaces of both **ventricles** and terminate on working **cardiac myocytes**
72
What specific parts of the heart _are_, and _are not_, innervated by the parasympathetic nerve fibers?
What specific parts of the heart _are_, and _are not_, innervated by the parasympathetic nerve fibers?
* nodal myocytes in the SA and AV nodes and the working myocytes in the **_atria_**
* **_not_ the working myocytes in the _ventricles_**
73
What specific parts of the heart _are_, and _are not_, innervated by the sympathetic nerve fibers?
* nodal myocytes in the SA and AV nodes
* atrial and ventricular working myocytes
* smooth muscle of the coronary vessels
74
the cellular structure of cardiac muscle is nearly identical to skeletal muscle except\_\_\_\_\_\_. 7 differences
Functionally the same.
1. t tubules run down **z line the sarcolemma invaginates deeply into the cel**l, in contrast to SKM the t tubules invaginate at the intersection of the A and I band
2. **very abundant mitochondria**
3. because of the passive tension properties of cardiac muscle there is **only an H zone when sarcomeres are stretched beyond a normal resting length**
4. **cardiac muscle t tubules 5 times larger diameter and 25 times larger in volume** than SKM, cardiac muscle is dependent upon extracellular Calcium for excitation-contraction coupling; **large t tubules** put more ECF close to contractile apparatus
5. **small diameter sacrotubles]**
6. **no well defined cisternae or developed sarcoplasmic reticulum**
7. **flattened** portion of **sarcoplasmic reticulum** do **adjoin** the **t tubules** to form **diads** as opposed to triad in skm
75
the conducting system of the cardiac system is in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_tissue not the \_\_\_\_\_\_tissue
muscle not nervous
"cardiac myocytes"
76
nodal myocytes are located where?
sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes of the atria
77
The ______ are irregularly shaped small myocytes, with sparse myofibrils, poorly developed sarcoplasmic reticulum, no t tubular system, and electrical continuity with adjacent fibers.
nodal myocytes
78
the significance of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_voltage gated ion channels in these cells cause them to spontaneously depolarize at regular intervals.
nodal myocytes
79
purkinjie fibers are located where?
* atrioventricular bundle “bundle of his”
* left and right bundle branches
* network that penetrates into the ventricular mass and terminates on ventricular myocardial cells
80
large elongated fibers, that make contact end to end through intercalated discs with numerous gap junctions, spares myofibrils
purkinjie fibers
81
conduct impulses through the ventricles about 6 times faster than atrial or ventricular myocardial cells
purkinjie fibers
82
What attaches adjacent cardiac muscle cells to each other?
fit together like fingers in clasped hands
intercalated disc-complex of end to end connection between adjacent myocytes
83
What are the components of intercalated disc?
desmosomes
gap junctions
84
main structural component of an intercalated disc, mechanically connect cardiac myocytes to each other and transmit force from cell to cell
desmosomes
85
the electrical component of intercalated disc, allows ions to flow easily from one cell to the next, increase velocity of impulse transmissions from cell to cell
gap junctions
86
normally impulses pass from the atrial myocytes to the ventricular myocytes only via the _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
atrioventricular bundle
bundle of his
87
When a single myocyte in a chamber is excited, electrical impulse does what?
spreads to all of the cells within the chamber
88
what divides the heart into atrial myocytes and ventricular myocytes
fibrous “cardiac skeleton”
89
every cardiac myocytes is in\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_with every other cardiac myocyte.
electrical continuity
