No extra Final Drug - Sheet1

Question 1

penicillin (beta-lactam), bactericidal, gram + cocci, syphilis, meningitides, cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits transpeptidase the enzyme responsible for cell wall crosslinking, drug allergy

Answer 1

penicillin V

Question 2

penicillin (beta lactam), bactericidal, greater against gram -, susceptible to beta lactamases, cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits transpeptidase the enzyme responsible for cell wall crosslinking, drug allergy

Answer 2

amoxicillin

Question 3

penicillin (beta lactam), bactericidal, cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits transpeptidase the enzyme responsible for cell wall crosslinking, drug allergy

Answer 3

methicillin

Question 4

first gen cephalosporin (beta lactam), bactericidal, most active against gram + cocci, cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits transpeptidase the enzyme responsible for cell wall crosslinking, drug allergy

Answer 4

cephalexin

Question 5

cephalosporin (beta lactam), bactericidal, cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits transpeptidase the enzyme responsible for cell wall crosslinking, drug allergy

Answer 5

cefdinir

Question 6

third gen cephalosporin (beta lactam), bactericidal, more active against gram - bacteria, increased resistance to beta lactamases, not eliminated by kidney, good CNS, cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits transpeptidase the enzyme responsible for cell wall crosslinking, drug allergy

Answer 6

ceftriaxone

Question 7

fourth gen cephalosporin (beta lactam), bactericidal, broadest spectrum, used to treat serious infections, resistant to man beta lactamases, good CNS, cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits transpeptidase the enzyme responsible for cell wall crosslinking, drug allergy

Answer 7

cefepime

Question 8

fifth gen cephalosporin (beta lactam), bactericidal, broad spectrum with resistance to many beta-lactamase, used for MRSA, cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits transpeptidase the enzyme responsible for cell wall crosslinking, drug allergy

Answer 8

ceftaroline

Question 9

bactericidal cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits cell wall cross-linking by binding D-Ala-D-Ala within the peptidoglycan monomer subunit, only effective at killing gram + bacteria, effective for MRSA, not absorbed orally, used for c. diff, nephrotoxicity, infusion reaction, “red man”

Answer 9

vancomycin

Question 10

bacteriostatic macrolide, protein synthesis inhibitor, prevents peptide elongation, CYP3A4 inhibitor, QT prolongation, e

Answer 10

erythromycin

Question 11

bacteriostatic macrolide, protein synthesis inhibitor, prevents peptide elongation, CYP3A4 inhibitor, QT prolongation

Answer 11

clarithromycin

Question 12

bacteriostatic macrolide, protein synthesis inhibitor, prevents peptide elongation, QT prolongation

Answer 12

azithromycin

Question 13

bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor, binds to same site as the macrolides, drug allergy, c. diff infection

Answer 13

clindamycin

Question 14

bacteriostatic tetracycline, protein synthesis inhibitor, zoonotic pathogens, atypicals, and MRSA, bone and tooth development, tooth staining, photosensitivity

Answer 14

doxycycline

Question 15

bactericidal, anaerobic bacteria (including c. diff) metabolize drug to a DNA damaging agent thereby interfering with DNA synthesis, alcohol (like disulfiram) interactions, potentially mutagenic (avoid in pregnant and nursing women)

Answer 15

metrodinazole

Question 16

bactericidal aminoglycoside, protein synthesis inhibitor (clock initiation, cause premature termination of elongation, cause misincorporation of amino acids, bactericidal for aerobes only, prolonged post-antibiotic effect, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

Answer 16

gentamicin

Question 17

bascteriostatic (bactericidal for e. coli) sulfonamide and trimethoprim, antimetabolites, inhibit folate synthesis, hypersensitivity, photosensitivity, hemolytic anemia in GGP deficiency

Answer 17

bactrim

Question 18

bactericidal fluoroquinolone, inhibit DNA gyrase (gram -) and/or topo IV (gram +)leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis and DNA damage, use for UTI, tendon rupture, QT prolongation, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects

Answer 18

ciprofloxacin

Question 19

bactericidal fluoroquinolone, inhibit DNA gyrase (gram -) and/or topo IV (gram +), ised for UTIs, enahnced gram + activity, leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis and DNA damage, tendon rupture, QT prolongation, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects

Answer 19

levofloxacin

Question 20

bactericidal, anti-TB, mycobacterium cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits biosynthesis of mycolic acid, peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicity (B6)

Answer 20

isoniazid

Question 21

bactericidal, anti-TB, bacterial RNA polymerase inhibitor, induce p450 enzymes, hepatotoxicity

Answer 21

rifampin

Question 22

topical polyene for yeast infections, fungicidal, binds to ergosterol and disrupts fungal cell membranes creating pores and leaks, well tolerated

Answer 22

nystatin

Question 23

systemic polyene, fungicidal, binds to ergosterol and disrupts fungal cell membranes creating pores and leaks, broad spectrum against many yeasts and molds, renal toxicity, fever and chills (shake and bake), nephrotoxicity

Answer 23

amphotericin B

Question 24

imidazole, inhibit ergosterol synthesis - lanosterol 14-a demethylase - fungal cell membranes integrity decreases, for mycoses except meningitis b/c no CNS, well tolerated topically, potent inhibitor of many CYPs

Answer 24

ketoconazole

Question 25

imidazole, inhibit ergosterol synthesis - lanosterol 14-a demethylase - fungal cell membranes integrity decreases, well tolerated topically, variety of dosage forms

Answer 25

clotrimazole

Question 26

imidazole, inhibit ergosterol synthesis - lanosterol 14-a demethylase - fungal cell membranes integrity decreases, well tolerated topically

Answer 26

miconazole

Question 27

systemic triazole, inhibit ergosterol synthesis, fungal membrane integrity decreases, narrow spectrum, prevent yeast infections in patients with lowered immunity (Candida), CNS penetration, elimination kidney dependent, inhibits p450, hepatotoxicity, QT prolongation, pregnancy

Answer 27

fluconazole

Question 28

systemic triazole, inhibit ergosterol synthesis, fungal membrane integrity decreases, CNS penetration, broader spectrum against molds, elimination in liver, broader spectrum, visual disturbances, inhibits p450, hepatotoxicity, QT prolongation, pregnancy

Answer 28

voriconazole

Question 29

systemic triazole, no CNS, inhibit ergosterol synthesis, fungal membrane integrity decreases, with food, negative inotropic, inhibits p450, absorption pH dependent, hepatotoxicity, QT prolongation

Answer 29

itraconazole

Question 30

echinocandin, inhibits beta-D-glucan synthase fungal ecll wall synthesis, systemic, no CNS, candida and aspergillis infections, infusion reactions, hypersensitivity

Answer 30

caspofungin

Question 31

echinocandins, inhibits beta-D-glucan synthase cell wall synthesis, systemic, no CNS, candida and aspergillis infections, infusion reactions, hypersensitivity

Answer 31

micafungin

Question 32

inhibits viral DNA synthesis, only effective on replicating viruses, converted by virally encoded thymidine kinase, competitive inhibitor of DNA polymerase, chain thermination, first drug for herpes and shingles, rare nephrotoxicity

Answer 32

acyclovir

Question 33

inhibits viral DNA synthesis, for herpes and shingles, longer half-life than acyclovir, better bioavailability, rare nephrotoxicity

Answer 33

valacyclovir

Question 34

inhibits viral DNA synthesis, IV only, nucleoside analog selectively phosphorylated by CMV kinase in human and CMV, resistance from mutation of kinase, for CMV, bone marrow suppression, teratogenic

Answer 34

ganciclovir

Question 35

inhibits viral DNA synthesis, prodrug taken orally, nucleoside analog selectively phosphorylated by CMV kinase in human and CMV, resistance from mutation of kinase, for CMV, bone marrow suppression, teratogenic

Answer 35

valganciclovir

Question 36

NRTI 'nuke', guanosine analog, inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA cuaising chain termination, little activity towards our DNA polymerase, anemia and neutropenia, muscle weakness, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis

Answer 36

abacavir

Question 37

NRTI 'nuke', cytosine analog, inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA causing chain termination, little activity towards our DNA polymerase, anemia and neutropenia, muscle weakness, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis

Answer 37

lamivudine

Question 38

NRTI 'nuke', adenosine analog, inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA cuaising chain termination, little activity towards our DNA polymerase, anemia and neutropenia, muscle weakness, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis

Answer 38

tenofovir

Question 39

NRTI 'nuke', also cytosine analog, inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA cuaising chain termination, little activity towards our DNA polymerase, anemia and neutropenia, muscle weakness, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis

Answer 39

emtricitabine

Question 40

non-nuke', inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase, allosteric inhibitor, CNS effects, neurological effects, hepatotoxicity, induce p450s

Answer 40

efavirenz

Question 41

PI, inhibit viral protease necessary for processing viral proteins and maturation or viral particles, for HIV, pharmacokinetic booster, altered glucose and lipid metabolism, altered fat distribution, with PK booster with drug interactions

Answer 41

ritonavir

Question 42

PI, inhibit viral protease necessary for processing viral proteins and maturation or viral particles, for HIV, altered glucose and lipid metabolism, altered fat distribution, p450 metabolized, a

Answer 42

atazanavir

Question 43

PI, inhibit viral protease necessary for processing viral proteins and maturation or viral particles, for HIV, altered glucose and lipid metabolism, altered fat distribution, p450 metabolized

Answer 43

darunavir

Question 44

INSTI, blocks integration of the HIV cDNA into the human genome, relatively few

Answer 44

raltegravir

Question 45

INSTI, blocks integration of the HIV cDNA into the human genome, relatively few, d

Answer 45

dolutegravir

Question 46

cytotoxic DNA alkylating agent, metabolized by p450 to active form that forms crosslink with DNA, phase non-specific, myelosuppression, bladder toxicity (treat with MESNA)

Answer 46

cyclophosphamide

Question 47

cytotoxic DNA platinating agent, react with H2O to form active platinum compounds that react with DNA forming crosslinks with DNA, phase non-specific, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy

Answer 47

cisplatin

Question 48

cytotoxic DNA platinating agent, react with H2O to form active platinum compounds that react with DNA forming crosslinks with DNA, phase non-specific, myelosuppression

Answer 48

carboplatin

Question 49

cytotoxic DNA platinating agent, react with H2O to form active platinum compounds that react with DNA forming crosslinks with DNA, phase non-specific, peripheral neuropathy, acute cold sensitivity, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, myelosuppression

Answer 49

oxaliplatin

Question 50

cytotoxic antimetabolite, inhibits human dihydrofolate reductase, deprives cells of tetrahydrofolate needed for dTMP, S phase specificmyelosuppression, GI mucositis, nephrotoxicity

Answer 50

methotrexate

Question 51

cytotoxic antimetabolite, inhibits thymidylate synthesis, metabolized to FdUMP, S phase specific, myelosuppression and GI mucositis, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia

Answer 51

5-fluorouracil

Question 52

cytotoxic microtubule inhibitor, vinblastine and vincristine, inhibit assembly, mitosis specific, peripheral neuropathy, myelosuppression (not vincristine), extravasation reactions, interactions with p450

Answer 52

vinca alkaloids

Question 54

cytotoxic microtubule inhibitor, stabilizes microtubules, stops depolymerization, mitosis specific, peripheral neuropathy, myelosuppression, extravasation, interacts with p450s

Answer 54

paclitaxel

Question 56

cytotoxic topo 2 inhibitor, causes double strand breaks, traps topo 2, S/G2 phase specific, myelosuppression, cardiotoxicity, vesicant

Answer 56

doxorubicin

Question 58

cytotoxic topo 1 inhibitor, cause replication associated double strand breaks, traps topo 1, S phase specific, myelosuppression, acute diarrhea, late onset diarrhea

Answer 58

irinotecan

Question 59

BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase that causes CML inhibitor, first protein kinase inhibitor for cancer

Answer 59

imatinib

Question 60

EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, first generation, ATP competitive inhibitor, primarily for non-small cell lung cancer, acneiform rash

Answer 60

erlotinib and osimertinib

Question 61

monoclonal antibody targeting, EGFR (HER1), binds to receptor and prevents ligand binding, promotes EGFR degradation, triggers antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, acneiform rash

Answer 61

cetuximab

Question 63

monoclonal human antibody, HER2, prevents dimerization, cardiotoxicity

Answer 63

trastuzumab

Question 65

monoclonal that reverse brakes on the immune system, CTLA inhibitor, allows signal 2 to activate T cells, autoimmunity

Answer 65

ipilimumab

Question 66

monoclonal that reverse brakes on the immune system, PD1 inhibitor, PD1 would prevent T cells from killing cancer cells, autoimmunity

Answer 66

pembrolizumab