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pharm 310 > No extra Final Drug - Sheet1 > Flashcards

No extra Final Drug - Sheet1 Flashcards

1
Q

penicillin (beta-lactam), bactericidal, gram + cocci, syphilis, meningitides, cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits transpeptidase the enzyme responsible for cell wall crosslinking, drug allergy

A

penicillin V

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2
Q

penicillin (beta lactam), bactericidal, greater against gram -, susceptible to beta lactamases, cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits transpeptidase the enzyme responsible for cell wall crosslinking, drug allergy

A

amoxicillin

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3
Q

penicillin (beta lactam), bactericidal, cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits transpeptidase the enzyme responsible for cell wall crosslinking, drug allergy

A

methicillin

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4
Q

first gen cephalosporin (beta lactam), bactericidal, most active against gram + cocci, cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits transpeptidase the enzyme responsible for cell wall crosslinking, drug allergy

A

cephalexin

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5
Q

cephalosporin (beta lactam), bactericidal, cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits transpeptidase the enzyme responsible for cell wall crosslinking, drug allergy

A

cefdinir

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6
Q

third gen cephalosporin (beta lactam), bactericidal, more active against gram - bacteria, increased resistance to beta lactamases, not eliminated by kidney, good CNS, cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits transpeptidase the enzyme responsible for cell wall crosslinking, drug allergy

A

ceftriaxone

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7
Q

fourth gen cephalosporin (beta lactam), bactericidal, broadest spectrum, used to treat serious infections, resistant to man beta lactamases, good CNS, cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits transpeptidase the enzyme responsible for cell wall crosslinking, drug allergy

A

cefepime

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8
Q

fifth gen cephalosporin (beta lactam), bactericidal, broad spectrum with resistance to many beta-lactamase, used for MRSA, cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits transpeptidase the enzyme responsible for cell wall crosslinking, drug allergy

A

ceftaroline

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9
Q

bactericidal cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits cell wall cross-linking by binding D-Ala-D-Ala within the peptidoglycan monomer subunit, only effective at killing gram + bacteria, effective for MRSA, not absorbed orally, used for c. diff, nephrotoxicity, infusion reaction, “red man”

A

vancomycin

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10
Q

bacteriostatic macrolide, protein synthesis inhibitor, prevents peptide elongation, CYP3A4 inhibitor, QT prolongation, e

A

erythromycin

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11
Q

bacteriostatic macrolide, protein synthesis inhibitor, prevents peptide elongation, CYP3A4 inhibitor, QT prolongation

A

clarithromycin

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12
Q

bacteriostatic macrolide, protein synthesis inhibitor, prevents peptide elongation, QT prolongation

A

azithromycin

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13
Q

bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor, binds to same site as the macrolides, drug allergy, c. diff infection

A

clindamycin

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14
Q

bacteriostatic tetracycline, protein synthesis inhibitor, zoonotic pathogens, atypicals, and MRSA, bone and tooth development, tooth staining, photosensitivity

A

doxycycline

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15
Q

bactericidal, anaerobic bacteria (including c. diff) metabolize drug to a DNA damaging agent thereby interfering with DNA synthesis, alcohol (like disulfiram) interactions, potentially mutagenic (avoid in pregnant and nursing women)

A

metrodinazole

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16
Q

bactericidal aminoglycoside, protein synthesis inhibitor (clock initiation, cause premature termination of elongation, cause misincorporation of amino acids, bactericidal for aerobes only, prolonged post-antibiotic effect, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

A

gentamicin

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17
Q

bascteriostatic (bactericidal for e. coli) sulfonamide and trimethoprim, antimetabolites, inhibit folate synthesis, hypersensitivity, photosensitivity, hemolytic anemia in GGP deficiency

A

bactrim

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18
Q

bactericidal fluoroquinolone, inhibit DNA gyrase (gram -) and/or topo IV (gram +)leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis and DNA damage, use for UTI, tendon rupture, QT prolongation, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects

A

ciprofloxacin

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19
Q

bactericidal fluoroquinolone, inhibit DNA gyrase (gram -) and/or topo IV (gram +), ised for UTIs, enahnced gram + activity, leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis and DNA damage, tendon rupture, QT prolongation, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects

A

levofloxacin

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20
Q

bactericidal, anti-TB, mycobacterium cell wall synthesis inhibitor, inhibits biosynthesis of mycolic acid, peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicity (B6)

A

isoniazid

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21
Q

bactericidal, anti-TB, bacterial RNA polymerase inhibitor, induce p450 enzymes, hepatotoxicity

A

rifampin

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22
Q

topical polyene for yeast infections, fungicidal, binds to ergosterol and disrupts fungal cell membranes creating pores and leaks, well tolerated

A

nystatin

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23
Q

systemic polyene, fungicidal, binds to ergosterol and disrupts fungal cell membranes creating pores and leaks, broad spectrum against many yeasts and molds, renal toxicity, fever and chills (shake and bake), nephrotoxicity

A

amphotericin B

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24
Q

imidazole, inhibit ergosterol synthesis - lanosterol 14-a demethylase - fungal cell membranes integrity decreases, for mycoses except meningitis b/c no CNS, well tolerated topically, potent inhibitor of many CYPs

A

ketoconazole

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25
Q

imidazole, inhibit ergosterol synthesis - lanosterol 14-a demethylase - fungal cell membranes integrity decreases, well tolerated topically, variety of dosage forms

A

clotrimazole

26
Q

imidazole, inhibit ergosterol synthesis - lanosterol 14-a demethylase - fungal cell membranes integrity decreases, well tolerated topically

A

miconazole

27
Q

systemic triazole, inhibit ergosterol synthesis, fungal membrane integrity decreases, narrow spectrum, prevent yeast infections in patients with lowered immunity (Candida), CNS penetration, elimination kidney dependent, inhibits p450, hepatotoxicity, QT prolongation, pregnancy

A

fluconazole

28
Q

systemic triazole, inhibit ergosterol synthesis, fungal membrane integrity decreases, CNS penetration, broader spectrum against molds, elimination in liver, broader spectrum, visual disturbances, inhibits p450, hepatotoxicity, QT prolongation, pregnancy

A

voriconazole

29
Q

systemic triazole, no CNS, inhibit ergosterol synthesis, fungal membrane integrity decreases, with food, negative inotropic, inhibits p450, absorption pH dependent, hepatotoxicity, QT prolongation

A

itraconazole

30
Q

echinocandin, inhibits beta-D-glucan synthase fungal ecll wall synthesis, systemic, no CNS, candida and aspergillis infections, infusion reactions, hypersensitivity

A

caspofungin

31
Q

echinocandins, inhibits beta-D-glucan synthase cell wall synthesis, systemic, no CNS, candida and aspergillis infections, infusion reactions, hypersensitivity

A

micafungin

32
Q

inhibits viral DNA synthesis, only effective on replicating viruses, converted by virally encoded thymidine kinase, competitive inhibitor of DNA polymerase, chain thermination, first drug for herpes and shingles, rare nephrotoxicity

A

acyclovir

33
Q

inhibits viral DNA synthesis, for herpes and shingles, longer half-life than acyclovir, better bioavailability, rare nephrotoxicity

A

valacyclovir

34
Q

inhibits viral DNA synthesis, IV only, nucleoside analog selectively phosphorylated by CMV kinase in human and CMV, resistance from mutation of kinase, for CMV, bone marrow suppression, teratogenic

A

ganciclovir

35
Q

inhibits viral DNA synthesis, prodrug taken orally, nucleoside analog selectively phosphorylated by CMV kinase in human and CMV, resistance from mutation of kinase, for CMV, bone marrow suppression, teratogenic

A

valganciclovir

36
Q

NRTI ‘nuke’, guanosine analog, inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA cuaising chain termination, little activity towards our DNA polymerase, anemia and neutropenia, muscle weakness, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis

A

abacavir

37
Q

NRTI ‘nuke’, cytosine analog, inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA causing chain termination, little activity towards our DNA polymerase, anemia and neutropenia, muscle weakness, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis

A

lamivudine

38
Q

NRTI ‘nuke’, adenosine analog, inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA cuaising chain termination, little activity towards our DNA polymerase, anemia and neutropenia, muscle weakness, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis

A

tenofovir

39
Q

NRTI ‘nuke’, also cytosine analog, inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA cuaising chain termination, little activity towards our DNA polymerase, anemia and neutropenia, muscle weakness, peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis

A

emtricitabine

40
Q

non-nuke’, inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase, allosteric inhibitor, CNS effects, neurological effects, hepatotoxicity, induce p450s

A

efavirenz

41
Q

PI, inhibit viral protease necessary for processing viral proteins and maturation or viral particles, for HIV, pharmacokinetic booster, altered glucose and lipid metabolism, altered fat distribution, with PK booster with drug interactions

A

ritonavir

42
Q

PI, inhibit viral protease necessary for processing viral proteins and maturation or viral particles, for HIV, altered glucose and lipid metabolism, altered fat distribution, p450 metabolized, a

A

atazanavir

43
Q

PI, inhibit viral protease necessary for processing viral proteins and maturation or viral particles, for HIV, altered glucose and lipid metabolism, altered fat distribution, p450 metabolized

A

darunavir

44
Q

INSTI, blocks integration of the HIV cDNA into the human genome, relatively few

A

raltegravir

45
Q

INSTI, blocks integration of the HIV cDNA into the human genome, relatively few, d

A

dolutegravir

46
Q

cytotoxic DNA alkylating agent, metabolized by p450 to active form that forms crosslink with DNA, phase non-specific, myelosuppression, bladder toxicity (treat with MESNA)

A

cyclophosphamide

47
Q

cytotoxic DNA platinating agent, react with H2O to form active platinum compounds that react with DNA forming crosslinks with DNA, phase non-specific, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy

A

cisplatin

48
Q

cytotoxic DNA platinating agent, react with H2O to form active platinum compounds that react with DNA forming crosslinks with DNA, phase non-specific, myelosuppression

A

carboplatin

49
Q

cytotoxic DNA platinating agent, react with H2O to form active platinum compounds that react with DNA forming crosslinks with DNA, phase non-specific, peripheral neuropathy, acute cold sensitivity, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, myelosuppression

A

oxaliplatin

50
Q

cytotoxic antimetabolite, inhibits human dihydrofolate reductase, deprives cells of tetrahydrofolate needed for dTMP, S phase specificmyelosuppression, GI mucositis, nephrotoxicity

A

methotrexate

51
Q

cytotoxic antimetabolite, inhibits thymidylate synthesis, metabolized to FdUMP, S phase specific, myelosuppression and GI mucositis, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia

A

5-fluorouracil

52
Q

cytotoxic microtubule inhibitor, vinblastine and vincristine, inhibit assembly, mitosis specific, peripheral neuropathy, myelosuppression (not vincristine), extravasation reactions, interactions with p450

A

vinca alkaloids

54
Q

cytotoxic microtubule inhibitor, stabilizes microtubules, stops depolymerization, mitosis specific, peripheral neuropathy, myelosuppression, extravasation, interacts with p450s

A

paclitaxel

56
Q

cytotoxic topo 2 inhibitor, causes double strand breaks, traps topo 2, S/G2 phase specific, myelosuppression, cardiotoxicity, vesicant

A

doxorubicin

58
Q

cytotoxic topo 1 inhibitor, cause replication associated double strand breaks, traps topo 1, S phase specific, myelosuppression, acute diarrhea, late onset diarrhea

A

irinotecan

59
Q

BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase that causes CML inhibitor, first protein kinase inhibitor for cancer

A

imatinib

60
Q

EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, first generation, ATP competitive inhibitor, primarily for non-small cell lung cancer, acneiform rash

A

erlotinib and osimertinib

61
Q

monoclonal antibody targeting, EGFR (HER1), binds to receptor and prevents ligand binding, promotes EGFR degradation, triggers antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, acneiform rash

A

cetuximab

63
Q

monoclonal human antibody, HER2, prevents dimerization, cardiotoxicity

A

trastuzumab

65
Q

monoclonal that reverse brakes on the immune system, CTLA inhibitor, allows signal 2 to activate T cells, autoimmunity

A

ipilimumab

66
Q

monoclonal that reverse brakes on the immune system, PD1 inhibitor, PD1 would prevent T cells from killing cancer cells, autoimmunity

A

pembrolizumab

pharm 310 (4 decks)

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