NMSK I/II: Guest Lecture LE Bracing

Question 1

(True/False): The AFO Three-Point Bending System prevents plantarflexion.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The AFO Three-Point Bending System prevents inversion.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Thermoplastics conform to the body when custom fitted and are ___________ and ___________.

Answer 3

Lightweight and easy to mold

Question 4

(True/False): Metals are strong and heavy but do not work well if there are volume fluctuations.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What are the three types of materials used in orthotics?

Answer 5

Metals, Thermoplastics, Composite Materials (e.g. carbon fiber)

Question 6

What is the primary gait deviation seen in DF paresis or paralysis?

Answer 6

Steppage gait (increased hip and knee flexion during swing)

Question 7

(True/False): DF paresis or paralysis leads to a decreased step length and decreased time to foot flat.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Metal Upright Articulating AFOs do not work well for individuals with ___________ or ___________.

Answer 8

Limb volume fluctuations; Abnormal foot position

Question 9

Where are the trimlines positioned in a Posterior Leaf Spring AFO?

Answer 9

Posterior to the malleoli

Question 10

(True/False): Posterior Leaf Spring AFOs are not suitable for individuals with moderate to severe hypertonicity.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What key function does the Anterior Floor Reaction AFO provide for weak or absent gastro-soleus muscles?

Answer 11

Compensates for weak or absent gastro-soleus muscles

Question 12

Anterior Floor Reaction AFOs facilitate the ___________ to help with knee extension.

Answer 12

Plantarflexion-knee extension couple

Question 13

Anterior Floor Reaction AFOs are not appropriate for individuals with ___________ or ___________.

Answer 13

Knee ligamentous instability; Genu recurvatum

Question 14

What is one of the key functions of Energy Return AFOs during the swing phase?

Answer 14

Assist limb clearance in swing

Question 15

Energy Return AFOs help position the ___________ for initial contact.

Answer 15

heel

Question 16

RANCHO R.O.A.D.M.A.P.

Answer 16

Recommendations for Orthotic
Assessment, Decision-Making,
And Prescription

Question 17

True or False: An AFO highly recommended for acute stroke patients?

Answer 17

False: should not be provided due to spasticity

Question 18

In ASIA C, less than ½ of key muscles below the level of injury have a muscle grade greater than or equal to _______.

Answer 18

3

Question 19

In ASIA D, motor incomplete means that at least _______ of key muscles below the level of injury have a muscle grade greater than or equal to 3.

Answer 19

½

Question 20

What muscle weakness makes a patient a candidate for a KAFO?

Answer 20

Hip extensors weakness or quad strength less than 3+/5

Question 21

KAFOs are appropriate for patients with impaired or absent ___________.

Answer 21

Proprioception

Question 22

What knee joint design is used for stabilization of a flail knee with some knee extensor moment and free knee motion?

Answer 22

Offset Unlocked

Question 23

Which knee joint design stabilizes a flail knee without the use of knee extensors or free knee motion?

Answer 23

Single Axis Locked

Question 24

What knee joint design is indicated for stabilization of a flail knee with a contracture?

Answer 24

Offset Locked (with contracture)

Question 25

To control genu recurvatum, which knee joint designs can be used? (Name at least one)

Answer 25

Single Axis Locked, Offset Unlocked, or Offset Locked

Question 26

Question: What issue do stance control KAFOs prevent during the stance phase?

Answer 26

Knee buckling

Question 27

HKAFOs are appropriate for patients with __________ weakness of the hips. (True/False): HKAFOs are typically used in physical therapy (PT) sessions.

Answer 27

Extreme True

Question 28

What is the minimum hip flexor strength required to advance the limb forward while using an HKAFO?

Answer 28

At least 2/5