Gait (pt 2)

Question 1

pelvic motion during gait in the sagittal plane:

Answer 1

– neutral pelvis in 10 deg of anterior tilt
– slight increase in anterior pelvic tilt during terminal stance and terminal swing

Question 2

pelvic motion during gait in the frontal plane:

Answer 2

– during weight acceptance, 4 deg of contralateral pelvic drop
– during preswing, 4 deg of ipsilateral pelvic drop

Question 3

pelvic motion in the transverse plane:

Answer 3

– max pelvic protraction (4deg) during terminal swing and initial contact
– max pelvic retraction (4deg) during terminal stance
– neutral rotation at mid swing and mid stance

Question 4

what are the key muscles used for pelvic control during gait?
a. hip flexors & hip extensors
b. hip extensors & hip adductors
c. hip flexors & hip abductors
d. hip extensors & hip abductors

Answer 4

d. hip extensors and hip abductors

Question 5

what is the average vertical displacement of the trunk during gait?
avg. lateral displacement?

Answer 5

– 4.2 cm
– 4.5 cm to R and L

Question 6

what trunk muscles act during the gait cycle?

Answer 6

– multifidus acts bilaterally during initial contact
– low level activity of rectus abdominis and external obliques

Question 7

why is it important to have reciprocal arm movement during gait?

Answer 7

to provide counterforce to oppose excessive rotation of the body

Question 8

what position are our arms in during initial contact?
what muscles are working, if any?

Answer 8

contralateral peak shoulder flexion (8deg)
no muscles working – passive movement

ipsilateral peak shoulder extension (24deg)
controlled by post. delt & teres major

Question 9

if someone is walking at increased velocity, they will experience which of the following?
a. increased swing range, mostly in flx.
b. increased swing range, mostly in ext.
c. decreased swing range
d. ipsilateral shoulder flx, contralateral shoulder ext.

Answer 9

b. increased swing range in extension with increased walking velocity

Question 10

critical joint angles:
– ankle

Answer 10

neutral ankle (0 deg) during swing
20 deg of DF in terminal stance

Question 11

critical joint angles:
– knee

Answer 11

60 deg flexion in initial swing
20 deg flexion in loading response
0 deg at initial contact and midstance

Question 12

critical joint angles:
– hip

Answer 12

25 deg flexion in midswing
20 deg extension in terminal stance

Question 13

critical muscle activity:
– ankle

Answer 13

anterior tibialis during loading response (eccentric)
anterior tibialis during swing (concentric)
gastroc during stance (eccentric), turns off in preswing

Question 14

critical muscle activity:
– knee

Answer 14

no hamstring or quads muscle activity during midswing
quads active during stance to control knee flexion moment

Question 15

critical muscle activity:
– hip

Answer 15

hip flexors during swing (concentric)
hip abductors active during single limb support to prevent hip drop

Question 16

what would most likely lead to lack of ankle DF during initial contact?

Answer 16

weak tibialis anterior

Question 17

a clinician decides to use FES to improve gait of a patient with weak anterior tibialis muscle. stimulation should be initiated in which phase of the gait cycle?

Answer 17

initial swing to midswing