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NMS 1 > NMS1E1 > Flashcards

NMS1E1 Flashcards

1
Q

unilateral CN V, VII, and VIII abnormalities are caused by lesions in

A

cerebellopontine angle lesion

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2
Q

unilateral CN III, IV, V and VI abnormalities are caused by lesions in

A

cavernous sinus lesions

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3
Q

combined CN IX, X and XI abnormalities are caused by lesions in

A

jugular foramen syndrome

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4
Q

lower motor neuron lesions of combined bilateral X, XI, and XII

A

bulbar palsy

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5
Q

upper motor neuron lesions of combined bilateral X, XI, and XII

A

pseudobulbar palsy

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6
Q

the most common causes of intrinsic brain stem lesion in younger and older patients

A

younger - multiple sclerosis

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7
Q

CN III nucleus is located where

A

edinger-westphal nucleus: superior colliculus

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8
Q

CN IV nucleus is located where

A

inferior colliculus

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9
Q

CN V nucleus is located where

A

mid pons

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10
Q

CN VI nucleus is located where

A

dorsal pons

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11
Q

CN VII nucleus is located where

A

caudal pons

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12
Q

CN X nucleus is located where

A

dorsal medulla

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13
Q

nucleus ambiguus is located where

A

dorsal medulla

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14
Q

nucleus salivatorius is located where

A

border of pons and medulla

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15
Q

edinger-westphal is located where

A

superior colliculus

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16
Q

CN XII nucleus is located where

A

medulla beneath 4th ventricle

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17
Q

look at “NMS I - quiz 2”

A

CN 1-6

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18
Q

involves the optic nerve or tract, the most common cause of MS

A

retrobulbar neuritis

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19
Q

choked disc

A

papilledema

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20
Q

commonly a symptom of increased intraccranial pressure due to brain tumors, abscesses, hemorrhage, hypertension and other causes

A

papilledema

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21
Q

associated with decreased visual acuity and a change in the color of the optic disc to light pink, white or gray

A

optic atrophy

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22
Q

an example of a lesion affecting the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF)

A

multiple sclerosis

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23
Q

of the 2 super nuclear pathways for eye movement, which one is thought to control mostly sacccadic (rapid, darting) movement

A

frontal lobe

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24
Q

of the 2 super nuclear pathways for eye movement, which one is thought to control mostly smooth or following movement

A

occipital lobe

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25
Q

disease of which cranial nerve causes ptosis and corectasia

A

CN III

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26
Q

disease of which cranial nerve causes difficulty in looking down

A

CN IV

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27
Q

disease of which cranial nerve causes trouble lateral deviating the eye

A

CN VI

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28
Q

if there are sympathetic lesions distal to the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries and it occurs along the internal pathway what will be the symptoms

A

pupilloconstriciton and ptosis

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29
Q

if there are sympathetic lesions distal to the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries and it occurs along the external pathway what will be the symptoms

A

vasodilation and anhydrosis

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30
Q

sympathetic paralysis due to disruption of sympathetic contractile impulses to the small muscle of Muller causes what condition

A

enophthalmos

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31
Q

how is central vision tested

A

snellen or sloan charts

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32
Q

clinical testing for peripheral vision is accomplished via which technique

A

confrontation

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33
Q

how big should the cup to disc ratio be

A

the cup should be less than 1/2 the disc

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34
Q

what is indicated when the cup to disc ratio is greater than 1/2

A

there may be increased interocular pressure (glaucoma would be expected

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35
Q

collectinos of degenerative deposits that often appear in the fundus of elderly people

A

drusen

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36
Q

motor fibers for the muscles of mastication are controlled by which CN

A

C.N. V

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37
Q

the primary function of the RIGHT lateral pterygiod

A

moves the tip of the jaw to the LEFT

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38
Q

the primary function of the LEFT lateral pterygoid

A

moves the tip of the jaw to the RIGHT

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39
Q

opthalmic division lesions causing corneal inflammation and ulceration is called

A

neuroparalytic keratitis

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40
Q

sharp painful facial sensation in the clear distribution of the opthalmic, maxillary or mandibular divisions of the trigeminal is most likely due to what pathology

A

trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

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41
Q

when observing volume of the muscles of mastication, jaw deviation, opposition of jaw closure and lateral jaw movements along with palpation of the temporalis and masseter while the patient clenches their teeth. which CN is being tested

A

trigeminal

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42
Q

which CN is responsible for taste sensibility on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

facial

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43
Q

sympathetic stimulation causes increase secretion of thin and watery saliva

A

FALSE: parasympathetic stimulation does that. sympathetic stimulation causes scant supply of thick and turbid saliva

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44
Q

peripheral facial paralysis

A

prosopoplegia

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45
Q

lesion of the facial nerve peripheral to the geniculate ganglion causes what

A

bell’s palsy

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46
Q

ageusia

A

complete taste loss

47
Q

peripheral lesions in cranial nerve VII must be proximal to the stylomastoid foramen to affect taste

A

TRUE

48
Q

what findings confirm the diagnosis as bell’s palsy

A

complete hemifacial (one sdie) paralysis without loss of taste on the ipsilateral anterior 2/3 of the tongue

49
Q

sole function of the cochlear division of CN VIII

A

provide hearing

50
Q

a decrease or loss of hearing

A

hypoacusis

51
Q

an increase in intensity of hearing

A

hyperacusis

52
Q

vestibular diseases are always accompanied by

A

vertigo

53
Q

how is a nystagmus termed right or left

A

the side towards which the fast movement occurs is the side for which the nystagmus is named

54
Q

if there is no fast component, the nystagmus is termed

A

pendular

55
Q

causes convection currents in the semicircular canals

A

caloric irrigation

56
Q

if cold water is placed in the right ear, what will happen to the eyes

A

the right eye will present with nystagmus to the left

57
Q

how would you differentiate whether there is a vestibular problem from a cervicogenic problem

A

swivel chair test

58
Q

a test that compares the hearing of the patient to the doctor’s hearing

A

schwabach’s test

59
Q

a test where a loud noise from out of sight causes the patient to blink

A

malingering test

60
Q

what is the doctor looking for in the malingering test

A

the patient to blink as a result of the loud noise (auditopalpebral reflex)

61
Q

loss of voice

A

aphonia

62
Q

faulty articulation

A

dysarthria

63
Q

no articulation

A

anarthria

64
Q

faulty swallowing

A

dysphagia

65
Q

no swallowing

A

aphagia

66
Q

increased air entering into nasal cavity

A

hypernasal

67
Q

decreased air entering into nasal cavity

A

hyponasal

68
Q

motor nerve to tongue

A

hypoglossal

69
Q

cardinal finding in CN XII disease

A

paralysis of the tongue

70
Q

vibratory sensation in the lower extremity travels up which spinal tract

A

gracilis

71
Q

vibratory sensation of the upper extremity travels up which spinal tract

A

cuneatus

72
Q

loss of vibratory perception

A

pallanesthesia

73
Q

what is the finding if a patient falls with eyes open and closed during the romberg test

A

cerebellar deficit and/or vestibular mechanism deficit

74
Q

what is the finding if a patient falls with eyes closed during the romber test

A

dorsal column pathology

75
Q

which other tests for proprioceptive sense have the same positive test findings as rombergs

A
  • hopping on one foot
76
Q

abnormal findings for the finger-to-nose test

A

dyssynergia and dysmetria

77
Q

uncoordinated movement

A

dyssynergia

78
Q

inaccuracy in measuring distance

A

dysmetria

79
Q

which other tests have the same positive findings as finger-to-nose

A
  • finger to finger
80
Q

normal finding for rapid alternating movement test

A

diadochokinesia (performing actions properly)

81
Q

diadochokinesia

A

performing actions properly

82
Q

abnormal finding for rapid alternating movement test

A

dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform actions properly indicate possible cerebellar dysfunction)

83
Q

dysdiadochokinesia

A

inability to perform actions properly indicate possible cerebellar dysfunction

84
Q

how is the holmes rebound phenomenon test performed

A

patient contracts the flexors of the forearm against resistance by the doctor. doctor lets go suddenly and normal check reflex should be observed

85
Q

pinching the achilles tendon

A

abadie’s sign

86
Q

pinching the testicles

A

pitres’ sign

87
Q

pinching or striking the ulnar nerve

A

biernacki sign

88
Q

deep pain can also be tested by placing pressure on the eyeball

A

TRUE

89
Q

when pain is diminished or absent while performing the deep pain and pressure sensation test, what is indicated

A

dorsal column disease; like tabes dorsalis

90
Q

placing a common objects in the patient’s hand while their eyes are closed and asking them to identify the objects

A

stereognosis

91
Q

the patient assesses the relative weight of similarly sized and shaped objects that have different weights

A

barognosis

92
Q

touch the patient somewhere on the skin and have them point to the area just touched

A

topognosis

93
Q

write a letter or number on the palm of the patient’s hand and ask them to identify it

A

graphognosis

94
Q

placing your forearm against the patient’s forearm and asking them to touch their arm

A

somatognosis

95
Q

the ability for the patient to know that they are ill

A

nosognosis

96
Q

superficial/exteroreceptive/cutaneous sensations

A
  • pain
97
Q

non-discriminating touch

A

thigmesthesia (merkle)

98
Q

well localized touch

A

topesthesia (meissner)

99
Q

definition of a nerve root lesion

A

pressure or irritation of spinal cord or nerve roots prior to exiting the IVF

100
Q

the common denominators that are used for making the diagnosis of a nerve root compression are by testing these things

A
  • sensation (dermatome testing)
101
Q

this condition will give a segmental pattern of dysfunctions compared to a multi-dermatomal pattern

A

nerve root entrapment

102
Q

this condition will give a multi-dermatomal pattern of dysfunction compared to a segmental pattern

A

peripheral nerve entrapment

103
Q

area of skin supplied by a single posterior spinal nerve root

A

dermatome

104
Q

what will be the first sensation lost due to nerve root compression

A

light touch

105
Q

what will be the second sensation lost due to nerve root compression

A

pain and temperature

106
Q

what will be the last sensation lost due to nerve root compression

A

vibration and position sense

107
Q

which spinal tracts are being tested for utilizing light touch

A

lateral and anterior spinothalamic tracts

108
Q

which spinal tracts are being tested for utilizing pain and temperature

A

lateral spinothalamic tract

109
Q

which spinal tracts are being tested for utilizing vibration and position sense

A

dorsal column

110
Q

in which order will sensation return when sensations are lost due to compression of a nerve root

A

reverse order in which it was lost; vibration and position sense, pain and temperature, light touch

111
Q

paresthesia can be caused by

A

nerve irritation

112
Q

hyperesthesia can be caused by

A

nerve irritation

113
Q

hypoesthesia can be caused by

A

nerve compression

114
Q

anesthesia can be caused by

A

nerve compression

NMS 1 (3 decks)

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