NMS Final2

Question 1

What is a Parkinsonian gait like?

Answer 1

festinating shuffling gait, short steps.

Question 2

what type of tremors are seen with cerebellar diseases?

Answer 2

intention tremors.

Question 3

What can cause pre-syncopal episodes (light-headedness)?

Answer 3

global cerebral ischemia (orthostatic hypothension, vasovagal response, hyperventilation, DM, medications, cardiovascular problems).

Question 4

What is the big type of extrapyramidal disorders?

Answer 4

Parkinsons.

Question 5

What is the extrapyramidal system in charge of?

Answer 5

sub-conscious control.

Question 6

what will movement be like with parkinsons disease?

Answer 6

lead pipe rigidity, bradykinesia, hypokinesia, chorea (unperdictable rapid irregular muscle jerks). Resting tremors.

Question 7

what causes parkinsons disease?

Answer 7

idiopathic or drug induced.

Question 8

What will Parkinsons disease cause?

Answer 8

decreased amounts of dopamine.

Question 9

What is the clinical course of Parkinsons like?

Answer 9

Slowly progressive and can be controlled with medication (Dopamine).

Question 10

What is a DDX for parkinsons disease?

Answer 10

Huntingtons, Wilsons, Torettes.

Question 11

What is Huntington’s disease like?

Answer 11

Autosomal dominant and has a gradual onset with progression of dementia and chorea.

Question 12

What is Wilson’s disease like?

Answer 12

Copper accumulating disease seen in childhood with dementia.

Question 13

What is Tourette’s disease?

Answer 13

an increase in dopamine and seen in kids. They have multiple repetitive tics.

Question 14

Strokes follow what type of pattern?

Answer 14

vascular pattern.

Question 15

What are the 2 areas of circulation we need to know for strokes?

Answer 15

anterior and posterior (wallenburg’s PICA).

Question 16

What areas are affected by an anterior circulation stroke?

Answer 16

middle and anterior cerebral branches from internal carotid. Frontal, parietal, and parts of temporal and occipital lobes as well as internal capsule and basal ganglia.

Question 17

Where are the language centers at/

Answer 17

Dominant hemisphere and can be damaged with an anterior circulation stroke.

Question 18

What are the common signs of a TIA?

Answer 18

sudden onset of neurolgoic deficits, vision loss, diffuculty speaking or understanding words, severe HA, Dizziness, lack of coordination.

Question 19

What is the prognosis for a TIA?

Answer 19

1/3 full stroke in 5 years. 1/3 multiple TIA’s, 1/3 no further sequella.

Question 20

What are some big risk factors for stroke?

Answer 20

history of TIA, atrial fibrillatinos (6 fold risk), Smoking, High blood pressure.

Question 21

What are the 2 types of strokes?

Answer 21

1. Ischemic stroke (70-80). 2. hemorrhagic- 20-30%.

Question 22

What are the causes of ischemic strokes?

Answer 22

50% are atherosclerosis, 20% hypertensive vasculopathy, 20% cerebral embolism.

Question 23

What are the causes of hemorrhagic strokes?

Answer 23

Anerysms.

Question 24

What is the imaging that should be done for strokes?

Answer 24

MRI angiogram.

Question 25

what is a way to do a quick stroke screen for general public?

Answer 25

ask them to smile, ask them to raise both arms, ask them to speak a spimple sentence (simple simon says).