NMS Final2 Flashcards
What is a Parkinsonian gait like?
festinating shuffling gait, short steps.
what type of tremors are seen with cerebellar diseases?
intention tremors.
What can cause pre-syncopal episodes (light-headedness)?
global cerebral ischemia (orthostatic hypothension, vasovagal response, hyperventilation, DM, medications, cardiovascular problems).
What is the big type of extrapyramidal disorders?
Parkinsons.
What is the extrapyramidal system in charge of?
sub-conscious control.
what will movement be like with parkinsons disease?
lead pipe rigidity, bradykinesia, hypokinesia, chorea (unperdictable rapid irregular muscle jerks). Resting tremors.
what causes parkinsons disease?
idiopathic or drug induced.
What will Parkinsons disease cause?
decreased amounts of dopamine.
What is the clinical course of Parkinsons like?
Slowly progressive and can be controlled with medication (Dopamine).
What is a DDX for parkinsons disease?
Huntingtons, Wilsons, Torettes.
What is Huntington’s disease like?
Autosomal dominant and has a gradual onset with progression of dementia and chorea.
What is Wilson’s disease like?
Copper accumulating disease seen in childhood with dementia.
What is Tourette’s disease?
an increase in dopamine and seen in kids. They have multiple repetitive tics.
Strokes follow what type of pattern?
vascular pattern.
What are the 2 areas of circulation we need to know for strokes?
anterior and posterior (wallenburg’s PICA).
What areas are affected by an anterior circulation stroke?
middle and anterior cerebral branches from internal carotid. Frontal, parietal, and parts of temporal and occipital lobes as well as internal capsule and basal ganglia.
Where are the language centers at/
Dominant hemisphere and can be damaged with an anterior circulation stroke.
What are the common signs of a TIA?
sudden onset of neurolgoic deficits, vision loss, diffuculty speaking or understanding words, severe HA, Dizziness, lack of coordination.
What is the prognosis for a TIA?
1/3 full stroke in 5 years. 1/3 multiple TIA’s, 1/3 no further sequella.
What are some big risk factors for stroke?
history of TIA, atrial fibrillatinos (6 fold risk), Smoking, High blood pressure.
What are the 2 types of strokes?
- Ischemic stroke (70-80). 2. hemorrhagic- 20-30%.
What are the causes of ischemic strokes?
50% are atherosclerosis, 20% hypertensive vasculopathy, 20% cerebral embolism.
What are the causes of hemorrhagic strokes?
Anerysms.
What is the imaging that should be done for strokes?
MRI angiogram.
what is a way to do a quick stroke screen for general public?
ask them to smile, ask them to raise both arms, ask them to speak a spimple sentence (simple simon says).
