NMH 18 : part 3

Question 1

In which types of strokes may visual neglect occur

Answer 1

parietal lobe

Question 2

Differentiate hemianopia from visual neglect

Answer 2

Both involve part of the world not being seen with hemianopia this is a visual pathway problem with visual neglect this is a higher up cortical deficit often conflated as both can occur due to stroke

Question 3

Different types of waves on EEG

Answer 3

Delta= in sleep. Up to 4Hz Theta= 4-8 Hz. Alpha=8-13Hz Beta=13-30 Hz (normal waking consciousness) From highest to lowest think BAT!

Question 4

When might alpha waves occur on ECG

Answer 4

When drowsy or relaxed

Question 5

When might theta waves occur

Answer 5

Stage N1 sleep

Question 6

When might delta waves occur

Answer 6

Stage N3 sleep

Question 7

When might you get sleep spindle waves on EEG

Answer 7

stage N2 sleep

Question 8

What are the components of the glasgow coma scale

Answer 8

1-4 for eyes 1-5 for verbal 1-6 for motor

Question 9

Minimum GCS score and max

Answer 9

min is 3 max is 15

Question 10

Causes of coma

Answer 10

Metabolic: Drug overdose hypoglycaemia diabetes “the failures” hypercalcaemia Diffuse intracranial: head injury meningitis SAH encephalitis epilepsy hypoxic brain injury Hemisphere lesion: cerebral infarct cerebral haemorrhage subdural extradural abscess tumour Brain stem: brainstem infarct tumour abscess cerebellar haemorrhage cerebellar infarct

Question 11

What is coma

Answer 11

Unrousable unresponsiveness

Question 12

What is diffuse axonal injury

Answer 12

Damage to white matter tracts e.g. corpus callosum…. higher order cognitive problems due to poor integration….. can follow traumatic brain injury (e.g. after extradural haematoma etc.)

Question 13

Which types of stroke could cause coma

Answer 13

Bitemporal medial thalamic infarcts or strokes to do with posterior ciruclation

Question 14

Which types of lesions are dangerous due to basic functin

Answer 14

Posterior fossa lesions