nitrous oxide and carbamazepine Flashcards
What is nitrous oxide also known as
Laughing gas
Why is nitrous oxide used in dentistry
Used fro inhalation sedation in children and adult patients
What properties does nitrous oxide have
It has anaesthetic and analgesic properties
What effect does nitrous oxide have on the bodys reaction time
Slows down reaction time
What does the mechanism of action of nitrous oxide
May involve NMDA glutamate receptor blockade so produce its general anaesthesia effect
What effect can nitrous oxide have on opioid receptors
has the potential to stimulate opioid receptors to produce analgesia
What effect can long term arise of nitrous oxide have on the body
May megaloblastic anaemia and spinal cord degeneration
Describe the pharmacokinetics of nitrous oxide
Nitrous oxide is more soluble in water than nitrogen on its own is
Where is nitrous oxide preferably exchanged
Exchanged at the alveolar membranes of the lungs and readily enters the bloodstream to exert its effect
How can nitrous oxide affect respiration
- Reduced total volume
2. Increases respiratory rate
How can nitrous oxide affect on the heart
Mild effects on heart rate and pulmonary vascular resistance
How can nitrous oxide affect the renal and hepatic system
Reduced renal and hepatic blood flow
How can nitrous oxide affection on blood flow
Increases cerebral blood flow metabolism and intracranial pressure
What can carbamazepine be used for
- Anti-epileptic drug/anticonvulsant
- Neuropathic pain
- Bipolar disorder
Describe the pharmacodynamics of carbamazepine
Sodium channel blockade treats seizures
Narrow therapeutic index