Nitrous Oxide; Actived Charcoal; Oxygen; Normal Saline

Question 1

Activated Charcoal - Classification

Answer 1

Chemical Absorbent

Question 2

Activated Charcoal - Mechanism of Action

Answer 2

Binds with drugs and chemicals within the GI tract and decreases intestinal absorption in the overdose situation. The poison and charcoal compound are then excreted from the body.

Question 3

Activated Charcoal - Indications

Answer 3

Oral Poisoning; Overdose and/or Ingestion of drugs or chemicals

Question 4

Activated Charcoal - Contraindications

Answer 4

Do not use in patients less than 35kg. Decreased level of consciousness; Inability to protect airway; Consumption of drug / chemical greater than 1 hour

Question 5

Activated Charcoal - Adverse Effects

Answer 5

Vomiting; Constipation; Black Stool

Question 6

Activated Charcoal - Dosage

Answer 6

1g/kg PO (75g typical dose)

Question 7

Nitrous Oxide (N2O2) - Classification

Answer 7

Analgesic; Anesthetic Gas

Question 8

Nitrous Oxide (N2O2) - Mechanism of Action

Answer 8

Competes non-competitively with NMDA Inhibitors within the Central Nervous System (CNS) causing CNS depression. Releases endogenous opioids that act on opioid receptors, like Morphine.

Question 9

Nitrous Oxide (N2O2) - Indications

Answer 9

Musculoskeletal pain; Burns; Severe Anxiety; General Anesthesia; Procedural Sedation

Question 10

Nitrous Oxide (N2O2) - Contraindications

Answer 10

Patient cannot follow verbal commands; Alcohol / drug intoxication; Head injury; COPD; Pneumothorax; Air Embolism / Decompression Sickness

Question 11

Nitrous Oxide (N2O2) - Adverse Effects

Answer 11

Altered LOC (Level of Care); Dizziness; Headache; Hallucinations; Nausea; Vomiting

Question 12

Nitrous Oxide (N2O2) - Dosage

Answer 12

Blend to Mixture of 50% with Oxygen; Self-Administered by patient until desired effect is achieved

Question 13

Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl) - Classification

Answer 13

Isotonic Crystalloid Solution

Question 14

Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl) - Mechanism of Action

Answer 14

Supplies fluid and electrolytes

Question 15

Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl) - Indications

Answer 15

Extracellular Fluid Replacement; Mild Sodium Depletion; Hypotension; Mixing Solution for various drug infusions

Question 16

Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl) - Contraindications

Answer 16

Strongly discouraged in dilution of Serum Electrolyte Concentrations; Hypervolemia; Congested States; Pulmonary Edema

Question 17

Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl) - Adverse Effects

Answer 17

Pulmonary Edema

Question 18

Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl) - Dosage

Answer 18

Adult Compensated Fluid Bolus: 500cc (over 10-20 minutes)
Adult Decompensated Fluid Bolus: 1000cc (Maximum Rate)
Pediatric Fluid Bolus: 20cc/kg IV

Question 19

Oxygen - Classification

Answer 19

Diatomic Elemental Gas

Question 20

Oxygen - Mechanism of Action

Answer 20

Facilitates cellular energy metabolism, essential for aerobic metabolism

Question 21

Oxygen - Indications

Answer 21

Hypoxia; Ischemic Chest Pain; Respiratory Distress; Suspected Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Shock; Traumatic Injuries; Head Injuries

Question 22

Oxygen - Contraindications

Answer 22

None

Question 23

Oxygen - Adverse Effects

Answer 23

Decreased level of consciousness in patients with Chronic Carbon Dioxide Retention or Chronic Lung Disease

Question 24

Oxygen - Dosage

Answer 24

Nasal Cannula: 1-6 L/Min
Nebulizer: 6-8 L/Min
Simple Face Mask: 6-10 L/Min
Non-Rebreather Mask: 12-15 L/Min
BVM: 10-25 L/Min
CPAP: 15-25 L/Min