Acetaminophen; Aspirin; Epi; Nitro

Question 1

Acetaminophen (APAP) - Classification

Answer 1

Analgesic; Antipyretic

Question 2

Acetaminophen (APAP) - Mechanism of Action

Answer 2

Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins in the Central Nervous System (CNS), leading to its analgesic and antipyretic effects. The analgesic properties may be due to a stimulating effect on the descending serotonergic pathways in the CNS.

Question 3

Acetaminophen (APAP) - Indications

Answer 3

Analgesia; Pain

Question 4

Acetaminophen (APAP) - Contraindications

Answer 4

Hypersensitivity; Severe Hepatic Impairment; Severe Hepatic Disease

Question 5

Acetaminophen (APAP) - Adverse Effects

Answer 5

Hypersensitivity Reactions; Nausea; Vomiting; Abdominal Pain

Question 6

Acetaminophen (APAP) - Dosage

Answer 6

Adult: 650mg PO (Q4hr PRN)
Pediatrics: Follow Weight Based Dosing Chart - Usually 15mg/kg PO (Q4hr PRN)
Maximum 4g in 24 hours

Question 7

Aspirin (ASA) - Classification

Answer 7

Antiplatelet; Non-Opioid Analgesic; Antipyretic

Question 8

Aspirin (ASA) - Mechanism of Action

Answer 8

Prevents the formation of thromboxane A2, which causes platelets to aggregate; thus, limiting further obstruction of vasculature. (Platelet Inhibitory). Inhibits prostaglandins involved in the production of inflammation, pain, and fever

Question 9

Aspirin (ASA) - Indications

Answer 9

Fever; Inflammation; Angina; Acute Myocardial Infarction; Chest pain, pressure, squeezing, or crushing pain that may be of cardiac origin.

Question 10

Aspirin (ASA) - Contraindications

Answer 10

Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding; Active Ulcer Disease; Hemorrhagic Stroke; Bleeding Disorders; Known Sensitivities

Question 11

Aspirin (ASA) - Adverse Effects

Answer 11

Anaphylaxis; Angioedema; Bleeding; Stomach Irritation

Question 12

Aspirin (ASA) - Dosage

Answer 12

Adult: 325mg PO (Often dosed as four 81mg tablets)

Question 13

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) - Classification

Answer 13

Sympathomimetic; Adrenergic Agent; Inotropic; Chronotropic

Question 14

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) - Mechanism of Action

Answer 14

Binds strongly with Alpha and Beta Receptors. Increases heart rate, cardiac output, and cardiac contractile force. Epinephrine is also a potent vasoconstrictor and bronchodilator.

Question 15

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) - Indications

Answer 15

Allergic Reactions; Anaphylaxis; Restoration of cardiac activity in cardiac arrest; Bradycardia; Exacerbation of respiratory abnormality

Question 16

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) - Contraindications

Answer 16

Hypertension; Tachycardia; Known Sensitivities; Hypovolemic Shock

Question 17

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) - Adverse Effects

Answer 17

Palpitations; Tachycardia; Anxiety; Headache; Tremors; Chest Pain; Hypertension

Question 18

Epinephrine (Adrenalin) - Dosage

Answer 18

Cardiac Arrest (ALS) - 1:10,000 concentration IV/IO
Adult: 1mg / Pediatric: 0.01 mg/kg

Anaphylaxis / Respiratory (ALS/BLS) - 1:1,000 concentration) IM
Adult: 0.3mg / Pediatric: 0.15mg

Question 19

Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat) - Classification

Answer 19

Vasodilator (Nitrate)

Question 20

Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat) - Mechanism of Action

Answer 20

Vascular smooth muscle relaxant, thereby dilating peripheral arteries and veins. Reduces cardiac preload and afterload, decreasing systemic vascular resistance as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Question 21

Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat) - Indications

Answer 21

Angina Pectoris; Ischemic Chest Discomfort; Pulmonary Edema associated with Congestive Heart Failure; Hypertensive Emergencies

Question 22

Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat) - Contraindications

Answer 22

Hypotension; Patients taking erectile dysfunction medications; Increased Intracranial Pressure; Known sensitivity to Nitrates

Question 23

Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat) - Adverse Effects

Answer 23

Headache; Lightheadedness; Hypotension; Nausea; Vomiting

Question 24

Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat) - Dosage

Answer 24

Chest Pain: 0.4mg SL Q5 minutes

Congestive Heart Failure: 1-2 inches Topical (Transdermal Paper/Tape)