Nitrogen and Sulfur Flashcards
What percentage of air is Nitrogen?
78%
Why is nitrogen so inert?
Due to the triple diatomic covalent bond between the molecules
Which process produces ammonia?
Haber process
Write an equation for the haber process
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g)
Write the dissociation of ammonia in water
NH3(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)
What is the shape of ammonia molecule?
Pyramidal
What is the shape of a ammonium molecule?
Tetrahedral
Give an example of an acid-base reaction that produces ammonia
(an ammonium salt and a base) 2NH4Cl (s) + Ca(OH)2 (s) –> CaCl2 (s) + 2H2O (l) + 2NH3 (g)
How can nitrogen dioxide be reduced back to nitrogen?
By reacting with carbon monoxide on the surface of catalytic converters
Why are nitrogen dioxides primary polluters?
Because they are given off directly into the air from the source of pollution.
What are two examples of sources of pollution?
car exhausts and power plants
What does VOC stand for?
volatile organic compound
What is the product of the reaction of VOCs with nitrogen dioxide?
peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN)
what conditions are needed for the reaction between VOCs and nitrogen dioxide to occur?
Sunlight (its a photochemical reaction)
What is an example of harmful pollutants found in smog?
peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN)
What does PAN affect?
lungs, eyes and plantlife
What is the equation which shows the production of acid rain using nitrogen dioxide?
NO2(aq) + H2O(l) + 1½O2(g) → 2HNO3(aq)
In which reaction do nitrogen oxides act as a catalyst and write down both reactions.
Reaction of conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide:
NO2(g) + SO2(g) → SO3(g) + NO(g)
then right after:
NO(g) + ½ O2(g) → NO2(g)
What is the equation of formation of ammonium nitrate
HNO3 + NH3 -> NH4NO
What is the bond angle and name of ammonia?
107 degrees, trigonal pyramidal
What type of species would decrease the effectiveness of ammonia chloride as a fertilizer?
Bases
What is the formula of ammonium sulphate?
(NH4)2SO4
