Chapter 14- Organic chemistry Flashcards
Ethanol (C2H5OH) + Sodium (Na) –> ?
Sodium ethoxide (C2H5ONa) + Hydrogen (H2)
How can you get acid from alcohol?
Oxidise with reflux of potassium dichromate
How can you get aldehyde from alcohol?
Oxidise with potassium dichromate with distillation
What product forms when alcohol is treated with sulfuric acid?
Elimination to get alkene
What’s the positive colour change of Tollen’s reagent?
oxidise from Colourless to a ‘silver mirror’
What is the positive colour change for Fehling’s reagent?
oxidise from Blue to red
What is the positive colour change for potassium dichromate?
Orange to green
Which reagent would detect the presence of alcohol in a mixture of alcohols and alkenes?
Sodium (it produces hydrogen gas)
What are the reagents needed to turn an alkene to an alkane?
Hydrogen with nickel catalyst
What is produced from a reaction of phosphorus(V) chloride (PCl5) with methanol?
chloro-methane and hydrogen chloride and phosphorus(III) chloride (POCl3)
What is the only product of the oxidation of secondary alcohols?
ketones
What compounds will give a positive result to the test of triiodomethane?
Ethanol and all secondary alcohols, and methyl ketones, and ethanal. (all compounds with -CO-CH3 or CH(OH)-CH3 group)
How can you hydrolyse nitriles, and what are the products of which?
react with hot dilute sulphuric acid. The products is a carboxylic acid and ammonium sulphate.
What reducing agents can reduce carbonyl groups?
NaBH4 (sodium borohydride) and LiAlH4 (lithium aluminum hydride)
Which reagent can be used to test for carbonyl group and what is the positive result for this?
2,4-DNP, and positive reaction is black/grey to orange or red
What type of organic compounds can go through nucleophilic addition, and why?
Carbonyl groups because of the C=O bond
What are the three different products of the oxidation of alkenes and what are their conditions?
Primary alkenes produce carbon dioxide, secondary alkenes produce carboxylic acid, and tertiary alkenes produce ketones
Which organic compounds can react with sodium?
Alcohols and carbonyl groups
Which organic compounds would be oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate (IV)?
Primary, secondary alcohols. And aldehydes
What is the product of the reaction between aldehydes and acidified potassium dichromate?
Carboxylic acid
What is the difference between NaBH4 and LiAlH4?
NaBH4 cannot reduce carboxylic acids or esters, LiAlH4 can.
What is the product when nitriles react with sulphuric acid?
Carboxylic acid
What reagent can be used to break up an ester?
NaOH
What reagent can be used to create an ester?
Sulphuric acid
What functional group does sodium react with?
-OH
What is the triiodomethane positive result?
Yellow ppt. formed
