Chapter 14- Organic chemistry

Question 1

Ethanol (C2H5OH) + Sodium (Na) –> ?

Answer 1

Sodium ethoxide (C2H5ONa) + Hydrogen (H2)

Question 2

How can you get acid from alcohol?

Answer 2

Oxidise with reflux of potassium dichromate

Question 3

How can you get aldehyde from alcohol?

Answer 3

Oxidise with potassium dichromate with distillation

Question 4

What product forms when alcohol is treated with sulfuric acid?

Answer 4

Elimination to get alkene

Question 5

What’s the positive colour change of Tollen’s reagent?

Answer 5

oxidise from Colourless to a ‘silver mirror’

Question 6

What is the positive colour change for Fehling’s reagent?

Answer 6

oxidise from Blue to red

Question 7

What is the positive colour change for potassium dichromate?

Answer 7

Orange to green

Question 8

Which reagent would detect the presence of alcohol in a mixture of alcohols and alkenes?

Answer 8

Sodium (it produces hydrogen gas)

Question 9

What are the reagents needed to turn an alkene to an alkane?

Answer 9

Hydrogen with nickel catalyst

Question 10

What is produced from a reaction of phosphorus(V) chloride (PCl5) with methanol?

Answer 10

chloro-methane and hydrogen chloride and phosphorus(III) chloride (POCl3)

Question 11

What is the only product of the oxidation of secondary alcohols?

Answer 11

ketones

Question 12

What compounds will give a positive result to the test of triiodomethane?

Answer 12

Ethanol and all secondary alcohols, and methyl ketones, and ethanal. (all compounds with -CO-CH3 or CH(OH)-CH3 group)

Question 13

How can you hydrolyse nitriles, and what are the products of which?

Answer 13

react with hot dilute sulphuric acid. The products is a carboxylic acid and ammonium sulphate.

Question 14

What reducing agents can reduce carbonyl groups?

Answer 14

NaBH4 (sodium borohydride) and LiAlH4 (lithium aluminum hydride)

Question 15

Which reagent can be used to test for carbonyl group and what is the positive result for this?

Answer 15

2,4-DNP, and positive reaction is black/grey to orange or red

Question 16

What type of organic compounds can go through nucleophilic addition, and why?

Answer 16

Carbonyl groups because of the C=O bond

Question 17

What are the three different products of the oxidation of alkenes and what are their conditions?

Answer 17

Primary alkenes produce carbon dioxide, secondary alkenes produce carboxylic acid, and tertiary alkenes produce ketones

Question 18

Which organic compounds can react with sodium?

Answer 18

Alcohols and carbonyl groups

Question 19

Which organic compounds would be oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate (IV)?

Answer 19

Primary, secondary alcohols. And aldehydes

Question 20

What is the product of the reaction between aldehydes and acidified potassium dichromate?

Answer 20

Carboxylic acid

Question 21

What is the difference between NaBH4 and LiAlH4?

Answer 21

NaBH4 cannot reduce carboxylic acids or esters, LiAlH4 can.

Question 22

What is the product when nitriles react with sulphuric acid?

Answer 22

Carboxylic acid

Question 23

What reagent can be used to break up an ester?

Answer 23

NaOH

Question 24

What reagent can be used to create an ester?

Answer 24

Sulphuric acid

Question 25

What functional group does sodium react with?

Answer 25

-OH

Question 26

What is the triiodomethane positive result?

Answer 26

Yellow ppt. formed