Nitro Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

2 taught methods of general preparation of Nitroalkanes?

A

1) From haloalkanes -electrophilic substitution reaction(AgNO2)

2) From alkanes -vapor phase nitration
R-H + HNO3 ——> R—NO2 + H2O
400’C

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2
Q

4 reduction mediums for nitroalkanes?
Hint: CLAN

A

1) Catalytic —> Pt/ Ni
2) LiAlH4
3) Acidic —> Sn, Fe, Zn/ HCl
4) Neutral —> Zn/ H20

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3
Q

Reduction products of nitroalkane?

A

•Catalytic, LiAlH4, Acidic reduction:
Primary amines
R— NH2

•Neutral medium:
Hydroxyl amine
R— NH-OH

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4
Q

Preparation method of nitrobenzene?

A

Nitration of benzene.
i.e. treating benzene with HNO3 in presence of H2SO4 (conc.) at 60’C

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5
Q

What happens if nitration of benzene is done over 60’C?

A

m-dinitrobenzene is formed

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6
Q

6 reduction mediums for reduction of nitrobenzene?
Hint: CLEAN-A3

A

1) Catalytic—> H2/Ni
2) LiAlH4
3) Electrolytic
4) Acidic —> Sn, Fe, Zn/ HCl
5) Neutral —> Zn/ H2O
6) Alkaline
• Zn/NaOH
• Zn/NaOH in CH3OH
•Na2AsO3/NaOH or Glucose/ NaOH

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7
Q

Reduction of nitrobenzene in acidic or catalytic medium?

A

Aniline.

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8
Q

Reduction of nitrobenzene in neutral medium?

A

Phenyl hydroxyl amine.

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9
Q

Reduction of nitrobenzene with LiAlH4?

A

Azobenzene.

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10
Q

Electrolytic reduction of nitrobenzene?

A

p-amino phenol.

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11
Q

Reduction of nitrobenzene in alkaline medium?

A

Zn/ NaOH—> hydrazobenzene

Zn/ NaOH in CH3-OH—> azobenzene

Na2AsO3/ NaOH
or
Glucose/ NaOH—> azoxybenzene

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12
Q

Halogenation reaction in nitrobenzene?

A

Add Br2 in presence of FeBr2

Product: m-bromonitrobenzene

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13
Q

Nitration in nitrobenzene?

A

Add HNO3 in presence of H2SO4

Product: m-dinitrobenzene at 90’C
: 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene at 100’C

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14
Q

Sulphonation in nitrobenzene?

A

Add fuming H2SO4

Product: m-nitrobenzene sulphonic acid

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15
Q

Uses of Nitro compounds?

A

•to make amines and aniline
•as solvents for dyes, oils, wax, paints
•inexpensive perfume for soaps

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