Nitro Compounds Flashcards
2 taught methods of general preparation of Nitroalkanes?
1) From haloalkanes -electrophilic substitution reaction(AgNO2)
2) From alkanes -vapor phase nitration
R-H + HNO3 ——> R—NO2 + H2O
400’C
4 reduction mediums for nitroalkanes?
Hint: CLAN
1) Catalytic —> Pt/ Ni
2) LiAlH4
3) Acidic —> Sn, Fe, Zn/ HCl
4) Neutral —> Zn/ H20
Reduction products of nitroalkane?
•Catalytic, LiAlH4, Acidic reduction:
Primary amines
R— NH2
•Neutral medium:
Hydroxyl amine
R— NH-OH
Preparation method of nitrobenzene?
Nitration of benzene.
i.e. treating benzene with HNO3 in presence of H2SO4 (conc.) at 60’C
What happens if nitration of benzene is done over 60’C?
m-dinitrobenzene is formed
6 reduction mediums for reduction of nitrobenzene?
Hint: CLEAN-A3
1) Catalytic—> H2/Ni
2) LiAlH4
3) Electrolytic
4) Acidic —> Sn, Fe, Zn/ HCl
5) Neutral —> Zn/ H2O
6) Alkaline
• Zn/NaOH
• Zn/NaOH in CH3OH
•Na2AsO3/NaOH or Glucose/ NaOH
Reduction of nitrobenzene in acidic or catalytic medium?
Aniline.
Reduction of nitrobenzene in neutral medium?
Phenyl hydroxyl amine.
Reduction of nitrobenzene with LiAlH4?
Azobenzene.
Electrolytic reduction of nitrobenzene?
p-amino phenol.
Reduction of nitrobenzene in alkaline medium?
Zn/ NaOH—> hydrazobenzene
Zn/ NaOH in CH3-OH—> azobenzene
Na2AsO3/ NaOH
or
Glucose/ NaOH—> azoxybenzene
Halogenation reaction in nitrobenzene?
Add Br2 in presence of FeBr2
Product: m-bromonitrobenzene
Nitration in nitrobenzene?
Add HNO3 in presence of H2SO4
Product: m-dinitrobenzene at 90’C
: 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene at 100’C
Sulphonation in nitrobenzene?
Add fuming H2SO4
Product: m-nitrobenzene sulphonic acid
Uses of Nitro compounds?
•to make amines and aniline
•as solvents for dyes, oils, wax, paints
•inexpensive perfume for soaps
