Nile Flashcards
What was the reason that the Egyptians developed their civilization
The Nile river
What did the Nile river bring to the Egyptians?
Water and rich soil called slit
How long is the Nile river?
6700 km long
which mountain 🏔 does the snow that melts and goes into the Nile come from in spring
The Ethiopian Highlands mountains
What did the Egyptians call the rich fertile soil the Nile left after flooding?
Slit
What is the Nile valley?
The area on either side of the Nile river
What is a Shaduf or shadoof ?
A pulley system to lift water out of the river.The Shadoof or shaduf was a simple wooden tool consisting of a pole with a bucket on one end and a weight on the other that was used to raise water above the level of the Nile river, and which was then redirected to a canal or ditch.
What is the meaning of inundation
Another word used for the flooding season
What did the Nile river gift after the flood ?
Rich fertile mud called slit
What happened from July to October in ancient Egypt ?
The Nile river flooded
What happened from November to February in ancient Egypt
Farmers planted seeds .
What happened from March to June in ancient Egypt?
Shemu , the harvest time.
What do we call irrigation?
The majority of ancient Egyptians Lived along the banks of the Nile . There was not enough land to plant crops next to the river for everybody and some farmers had to settle away from the river. They needed water for their crops so they built canals and ditches to transport water from the river to the farms. We call this irrigation.
What did the Egyptians use the Nile water for?
Water their crops, to drink, and wash. The Egyptians travelled up and down the Nile on boats. Boats carried people, food and goods to trade from one end of Egypt to the other.
What did the Egyptians make bricks for their houses out of?
Mud, which was baked hard in the sun
What did the Egyptians use to build tombs, palaces and temples?
Stone
The Nile river is the reason that the ancient Egyptians were able to develop their civilization.
How?
- Irrigation for their fields
2.Drinking water
3.Fishing
4.Transportation and good for trade
5.Papyrus reeds which grew along the river bank were used for building materials, makings the first Egyptians boats and for making paper
6.Mud to make bricks and pottery
7.Hunting of hippos and river birds
List 5 types of crops that the Egyptians cultivated.
Barely, wheat 🌾 , Maize, bananas 🍌 and coconut 🥥
Name two types of tools that farmers used.
Shaduf and hoe
How are a Shaduf and hoe different from the tools farmers use today?
The farmers long ago used their feet to move the hoe. Today we use a tractor to move tho hoe around
The area around the Nile river is becoming densely populated and the famers moved further away from the river banks. This caused a problem for them.
Write a sentence to describe the problem.
There was no water to grow crops with.
Write a paragraph explaining how the Egyptian famers solved the “no water to grow crops with“ problem. Use the terms to help you - irrigation and Shaduf
The Egyptian famers dug canals and ditches. They called this irrigation ( a term we still use today ). They built Shadufs to move water from the Nile to a canal or ditch
Give three facts about civilization on the Nile river
- Colossal Pyramids
- Began over 5 thousand years ago
- Tranport
Give three facts about floods and irrigation
- Flood was caused by the tears of the goddess Isis
- Flood left fertile soil for growing crops
- Egyptians created canals and ditches called irrigation
Give me three facts about pharaohs
The ancient Egyptians were ruled by the pharaohs
Pharaoh was a title that means “ great house ”
The pharaohs wore a double crown, which represented their rule over upper and lower Egypt
Give me a paragraph about Egyptian writing
Ancient Egyptians developed a system of picture writing called hieroglyphics. Ancient Egyptians recorded their beliefs using hieroglyphics on temple and tomb walls. They also wrote on scrolls made from papyrus. People who could write were important government officials called Scribes
What is the meaning of social structure
How people live together in a community
Who was the most important person in Ancient Egypt ?
The pharaohs
Compleat the sentence
Most people in Ancient Egypt were
FARMERS
true or false
Famers had to give some of their food to the pharaoh, visier, other leaders, and priests
TRUE
Did rich and poor live very different lives
Yes, definitely
Did rich people eat well, wore fine clothes and lived in big houses?
Yes (sound like a very enjoyable life (hey) ) .
Did rich people have time to play games
Yes
Did rich children go to school ?
Yes
Did poor people live in big houses?
If not say why?
No, they lived in small houses, which were built close together.
Were poor people slaves
Yes
Did the people who were at the top of the society become richer than every body else ?
Yes
Did people in the middle of the society usually work for poor leaders?
No, they usually worked for rich leaders
Did everybody have to pay taxes
Yes
True or false
Scribes wrote down anything that was not important in ancient Egypt
False, Scribes wrote down anything that was important in ancient Egypt
Did scribes keep records of everyone’s taxes and business accounts
Yes
Who were the skilled workers
Builders, pottery makers and metal workers
What were Merchants
Merchants were people who bought and sold things
Put these in order from richest to poorest
Farmers and herders; pharaohs and their family; unskilled workers; traders and artisans and shopkeepers; priests and army commanders and nobles.
- pharaohs and their family
- priests and army commanders and nobles
- traders and artisans and shopkeepers
- Famers and herders
- unskilled workers
What was the pharaohs job
To rule over Egypt
What was the Advisers job
Advise the pharaoh
What was the governors job
Made laws and kept order
What was the priests job
To pray to the gods and goddesses
What was the scribes job
Read ,wrote and kept records
What was the scribes job
Read, wrote and kept records
What was the soldiers job in ancient Egypt?
The soldiers kept Egypt safe from enemy attack.
What was the Craftsmen’s job
Made pots, clothes, jewellery, and shoes
What was the farmers job
Worked the land and grew crops
What was the slaves job?
Did housework, built homes and temples , ECT
Who was “ RA “ ?
Ra was the god of the sun and lord of the gods. He had the body of a human and the head of a falcon. Above his head sat a sun disc with a sacred cobra twisted around it. It is said that Ra sailed the heavens in a boat called “ Barque of a million years.” At the end of of every day, many thought Ra died and cruised through the night in the underworld, leaving the moon to light the night sky until he was born again at dawn
Who was “ AMUN “ ?
Amun was an important god because he is thought to have created all things. There are not many stories or pictures of him though because he was invisible. Many of the images of him are from when he mixed with another god such as Ra and became AMUN-RA. Amun is usually pictured in human form but sometimes has a rams head
Who was Thoth ?
- god of wisdom, writing, time and the moon
- Believed to have created hieroglyphics
- Head of an ibis bird
Who was Horus ?
- Head of a hawk
- Crown to look like two parts of Egypt
- Red and white showed that he ruled over all land
- god of the sky
- Believed that pharaohs were living versions of Horus, making them god like
Who was Ma’at?
- goddess of truth, justice, and harmony
- Wife of Thoth
- A pharaoh had to promise to follow Ma’at and be a fair and honest leader
Who was Isis?
- Mother of Horus
- queen of the goddesses
- Sometimes showed to have a crown on her head
- Other times she has a sun disk over her head
Who was Osiris
- god of the dead
- Husband of Isis
- Wore the white linen from a mummy
- Wore a white crown with large feathers
- god of the underworld
- Egyptians liked him for helping people pass on to the next life
Who was Hathor
- goddess of love, music, and dance
- She looked after all women in life and death
- Sometimes took the form of a cow with a sun disk above her head
Who was Anubis
- god of embalming, the Mummification ritual
- Believed that he made the first mummy, Osiris
- Guide of the dead
- Helped people pass to the next life
- It is said Anubis would wait in the hall of the dead to weigh the people’s hearts ( If the heart was lighter than Ma’ats feathers the person would live forever ( if not the demon, Ammit, would eat it ) ).
- Anubis had the head of a jackal
Who was Sekhmet?
- goddess of war, fire, and medicine
- Head of a lion
- Best hunter know to the Egyptians
- Her breath was said to have created the desert
What does polytheism mean ?
Belief in many gods
What does monotheism mean ?
Belief in one god
What does Atheism mean .
A person who does not believe in the existence of a god or gods
Compleat the sentence,?
Ancient Egypt was famous for its colossal :
Pyramids
Compleat the sentence,?
The Egyptians believed that the Nile river flooded with the tears of the;
Goddess isis
What was the scrolls that The Egyptians wrote on made from???
Papyrus
What does pharaoh mean
Great house
What did the pharaohs wear and what did it represent
They wore double crowns that represented the upper and lower part of Egypt
What was their picture writing called and how do you spell in?
Hieroglyphics spelled : H I E R O G L P H I C S
What does social structure mean
How people live together in a community
Who ruled over Egypt
The pharaohs
Who advised the pharaohs
The advisers
Who made law and kept Order
The governors
Who prayed to the Egyptians gods
The priests
Who wrote, read, and kept records
The scribes
Who kept Egypt safe from enemy attack
The soldiers
Who made pots, clothes, jewelry and shoes
The craftsmen
Who worked the land and grew crops
The farmers
Who did house work, built homes and temples
The slaves
How many gods and goddesses did the ancient Egyptians believe in
About 2000
What is the Egyptian Sphinx
A The Sphinx is a huge monuments with the head of a man and the body of a lion
Who built the pyramids in Egypt
The slaves build the pyramids in Egypt
How does the Egyptian monuments of the sphinx differ from the mythological creature
The mythological Spinks has wings and a woman’s head and Egyptian Sphinx has no wings and the head of a man
Why do you think the pharaohs build underground tombs
So that it would be difficult to steal things from
Why did the pharaohs the temples
The pharaohs build the temple so that they could also worship their gods
Why were temples built
So that offerings could be made to the gods
Who made the temple offerings
People who were appointed as priests they became rich and powerful people
Why else was the temple built
The Faroe were also seen as gods temples were built to worship them
Why were important people buried in tombs
Egyptians believed in life after death they buried people in tombs with all the things they would need in their next life they also preserved the body for the next life
How was the body preserved in burial
With spices and chemicals and then Wrapped in a special cloth before being Put in a coffin
Why did the Egyptians stop building pyramids in 2400 BC
Because of tomb robbers the pharaohs decided to rather hi there tombs in caves hollowed out of the side of the mountains in the valley of the kings
Why did the pharaoh choose the ancient city of Thebes which is now known as the city of Luxor or the valley of the kings to hide their tombs.
Do people live there and it was hot and dry
Who discovered King tuts tomb
Howard Carter and his team of archaeologists
Give two other names for King Tutankhamun
King tut on the boy king
What did Howard Cater see when he looked througt the door of king tuts tomb
Jewellery , walking sticks and chariots ( all covered in gold )
Why was king tuts tomb not discovered sooner
Another tomb was dug into the mountainside above his tomb. the builders who were working on this tomb through down so much rock and soil that they completely buried the entrance to Tutankhamun’s tomb
What things found in king tuts tomb tell us about the ancient Egypt society
All the pictures and artefacts found in king tuts tomb tell us about the ancient Egypt society
In what year was Tutankhamun’s tomb discovered?
In 1922
What was the name of the archaeologist, who led the expedition that discovered the tomb?
Howard Carter
When was king tut born?
1341BC
King tuts father was controversial. Mention two things that he did that led to this opinion.
He made the Egyptian serve one God, and he moved the capital city
How old was king tut when he became king?
Nine
What is a possible reason for king tuts poor, health
His parents were brother and sister
Who did king Tutankhamun married?
King, Tutankhamun married his half sister.
How many children did they have and what was the great tragedy
They had two children and both died before they were born
How old was he when he died, and what was found in the third of his nesting coffins
He died at 19 years old, and there was a detailed gold masked and detailed artefacts
How many times was king? Tutts tomb, robbed?
King, tuts, tomb was robbed at least two times
How many items were found in the tune and what did Howard Carter say when he was asked if he could see anything in the tomb
There were more than 5000 items and Carter said yes, wonderful things it’s took 10 years to document the findings
How many items were found in the tune and what did Howard Carter say when he was asked if he could see anything in the tomb
There were more than 5000 items and Carter said yes, wonderful things it’s took 10 years to document the findings
How did Howard Carter no way to look for Tutankhamun’s tomb?
He worked it out from important fines
Why are the artefacts described as fitting for a king to own?
They were made from gold or coated in gold
Why was Howard Carter surprised to see that the burial chamber was the only room decorated?
In other tombs, all the rooms were decorated
What was another name for Tutankhamun?
The boy king
How many gods are there in ancient Egypt?
2000
Why was the ancient Egyptian god Amun special?
Amun was special, because it was said that he created everything
Which ancient Egyptian God was said to make hieroglyphics?
Thoth
Which God was saying to marry Thoth.
Ma’ at
What are hieroglyphics
Hi regret, hieroglyphics are a form of writing used by the ancient Egyptians to communicate important information
When were hieroglyphics used in Egypt?
 They were used from around 3000 BC E to 400 CE.
List the places where hieroglyphics were used
In temples tombs, as well as an administrative and personal documents
Where were hieroglyphics found
On the walls of temples on the sides of tombs and papyrus scrolls for writing, also on every day objects, such as pottery, jewelry and furniture
Tell me about scribes
Scribes with the people who wrote in hieroglyphics the scribes had much training before they could master the technique.
Who made one of the earliest attempts to decipher hieroglyphics using the Rosetta Stone?
Jean-Francoins Chapollion make the earliest attempt to decipher hieroglyphics in the early 19 century’s.
What you say that being a scribe was the holder easy job give a good reason for your answer.
It would be a hard job because you would have to remember all the symbols and what they meant.
Why was scribes highly respected members of Egyptian society?
They were respected because they keep records and wrote things down for religious purposes.
