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A Level History: Tsarist and Communist Russia 1855-1964 > Nicolas II, 1894-1917 > Flashcards

Nicolas II, 1894-1917 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was Nicolas II tutor?

A

Pobedonostev (again…)

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2
Q

Which right wing group did Nicolas support?

A

The Black Hundreds

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3
Q

What were the years 1902-07 known as?
How about the gallows?

A

The Years of the Red Cockeral
Stolypin’s Necktie

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4
Q

How many industrial strikes in 1894?
How about 1904?

A

1894: 17,000
1904: 90,000

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5
Q

Who created the Assembly of St Petersburg Factory Workers?

A

Father Gapon

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6
Q

When was the Russo Japanese War?
What was it intended to do?
How did Plehve describe it?
Result?

A

1904
Intended to end unrest at home
‘A short and victorious war’
Not good- renewed calls for duma, Plehve assassinated

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7
Q

When was Bloody Sunday?

A

9th January 1905

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8
Q

Which iron works strikes?

A

Putilov Iron Works, 150,000 workers on 3rd Jan 1905

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9
Q

Which mutiny occurred in 1905?
How many were killed and wounded by troops?

A

Potemkin
2000 killed, 3000 wounded

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10
Q

Who persuaded tsar to make concessions in Oct 1905?
What did he warn?

A

Witte (chairman of Council of Ministers)
Revolution would ‘sweep away a thousand years of history’

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11
Q

Who was directing a general strike in October 1905?

A

St Petersburg Soviet

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12
Q

When was the October Manifesto signed?
What did it grant?

A

17th October 1905
Civic freedom (speech, assembly, union etc.) and a state duma with power to approve laws

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13
Q

When were the fundamental laws?
What Article is particularly interesting?

A

1906
Article 87: allowed rule by decree in emergency or when duma not in session

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14
Q

How many workers votes to 1 gentry vote?

A

45

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15
Q

What percentage of the budget was the state duma excluded from?

A

40%

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16
Q

When was the first duma?
Who was PM?
Why was it so radical liberal?
What manifesto?

A

May to July 1906
Witte
Boycotted by Bolsheviks, SRs, Union of Russian People
Vyborg Manifesto

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17
Q

When was the second duma?
Who PM?
Why was it dissolved?
New law

A

Feb-June 1907
Stolypin
Rumours about assassination
1907 Electoral Law

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18
Q

When was the Third Duma?
How many proposals did it pass?
What conflicts were there?

A

Nov 1907-June 1912
2200/2500
Proposals to extend primary education and local government reform

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19
Q

When was the Fourth Duma?
Who PM?
Quote?

A

1912-17
Kokovstov
‘Thank God we still have no parliament’

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20
Q

Who damaged Nicolas’s reputation?

A

Rasputin

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21
Q

What was the economy growth rate between 1894-1913?

A

8% a year

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22
Q

What did Witte introduce to strengthen currency?

A

New rouble in 1897

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23
Q

What percentage of income came from industrial investment in 1913?

A

25%

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24
Q

By 1913, Russia’s railway was ….. largest in the world

A

Second

25
Q

Which port helped treble oil production and make Russia self sufficient in 1913?

A

Baku

26
Q

What was the industrial growth rate between 1908-1913?

A

8.5%

27
Q

However by 1913, Russia was only the …. largest industrial power.

A

Fifth

28
Q

Before Stolypins reforms, what was Russia’s grain output compared to Britain?

A

4x less

29
Q

What was Stolypin’s policies of getting more kulaks called?
Was it successful?

A

Wager on the strong
Fewer than 1% reached Kulak status

30
Q

By 1914, what percentage of land had been transferred from communal to private ownership?

A

10%

31
Q

By 1914, what percentage still farmed in traditional strips?

A

90%

32
Q

When were redemption fees officially abolished?

A

1907

33
Q

By 1917, the urban population had ….

A

Quadrupled from 1867

34
Q

In St Petersburg, what percentage of houses had no running water or sewage system?
How many died of cholera in 1908-09?

A

40%
30,000

35
Q

What percentage increase in primary education between 1905-14? What about funding?
What percentage were still illiterate?

A

85% increase, 82m expenditure, 40% illiterate by 1914

36
Q

When was the Lena Goldfields massacre? How many killed by troops?

A

1912, 500 killed

37
Q

What is evidence on continuing noble status?

A

The 1906 ‘united nobility’ meeting

38
Q

Reduced censorship in 1905 caused the …..
List one modernist figure

A

Silver age of Russian culture
Stravinsky, Rite of Spring.

39
Q

When were the tercentenary celebrations?
Famous Nicolas quote

A

1913
‘My people love me’

40
Q

Liberal opposition group set up in 1903? Leader?

A

Union of Liberation
Struve

41
Q

What did the SRs want?
How many assassinations?
Anyone important?

A

‘Agricultural socialisation’
2000
Two MoIA, Sipyagin and Plehve, and Stolypin in 1911

42
Q

When did the SDs split?
Who led Mensheviks?
Who led Bolsheviks?

A

1903
M: Martov
B: Lenin

43
Q

Why did Russia go to war in 1914?

A

To defend Serbia against Austria Hungary
Allied to France (foreign investment)
Pan Slav nationalism
Divert attention from discontent

44
Q

Two disastrous battles in 1914

A

August 1914: Battle of Tannenburg
September 1914: Mausrian Lakes

45
Q

How much did prohibition cost the government?

A

2.5 billion roubles

46
Q

Businessmen set up what to help coordinate wartime production?

A

Congress of Representatives of Industry and Business

47
Q

What did the zemgor provide?
Who led it?

A

Medical facilities and provision for front
Prince Lvov

48
Q

What caused the government to suspend the duma in 1915?

A

The formation of the Progressive Bloc demanding a constitutional monarchy

49
Q

What mistake by Nicolas caused him to appear responsible for military disasters?

A

Becoming Commander in chief of the army and navy in 1915

50
Q

How many men were mobilised between 1914-17?

A

15 million, mostly conscripted peasants

51
Q

What offensive was initially successful for Russia?
How many casualties?

A

Brusilov Offensive 1916
1.6 million, more than the Somme

52
Q

How many desertions were there in 1916?

A

1.5 million

53
Q

What was war spending by 1918?

A

14,500m

54
Q

Why were there grain shortages in towns?

A

Poor prices by government, hoarded by peasants and not distributed evenly (diverted to front)

55
Q

What percentage rise in the cost of living by 1917?

A

300%

56
Q

Famous Nicolas quote about Rodzianko’s warning

A

‘that fat bellied Rodzianko has written me some nonsense to which I shall not even bother to reply’

57
Q

Who joined the revolution?

A

Petrograd garrison, Volynskii regiment, deserting soldiers and Krondstadt

58
Q

What order was issued by the Petrograd Soviet?
Who did it concern?

A

Order no. 1
Soldiers

59
Q

When did Nicolas abdicate?

A

March 2nd 1917

A Level History: Tsarist and Communist Russia 1855-1964 (7 decks)

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