Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Parker- CV Path > Nichols- Pericardial Heart Disease > Flashcards

Nichols- Pericardial Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Fluid in the pericardial sac is called?

A

Pericardial effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much fluid is normally in the pericardial sac

A

15-50mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A sharp increase to over ____mL would lead to a sharp increase in pressure in the pericardial sac

A

200mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A slow, gradual increase to ____mL could occur WITHOUT a significant rise in pressure

A

2000mL (2L)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List the 5 causes of pericardial effusion

A

MR. HAV

  1. Viral myopericariditis
  2. Metastatic malignancy
  3. Autoimmune Disease
  4. Renal failure
  5. Hemopericardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Symptoms of pericardial effusion?

A

Dull chest pain, dyspnea, hiccups, dysphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diagnosis of pericardial effusion is by?

A
  1. CXR- cannot differentiate between pericardial effusion and cardiomegaly
  2. Echo- can differentiate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hemopericardium is usually considered separately from pericardial effusion. It is rare but FATAL. What are 5 causes of hemopericaridum?

A

2 Ruptures in ATL

  1. Cardiac rupture (day 5 post MI)
  2. Aortic dissection rupture
  3. Trauma
  4. Anticoagulation
  5. Leukemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When fluid in pericardial sac is enough to impair filling & function of the heart.

A

Cardiac tamponade- think ACUTE, RUPTURE, HEMOPERICARDIUM, HUGE MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Altered mental status, dyspnea, CV collapse and cardiac arrest are symptoms of a sudden or chronic cardiac tamponade?

A

SUDDEN!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fatigue, leg edema, and dyspnea on exertion are symptoms of sudden or chronic cardiac tamponade?

A

Chronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The signs of cardiac tamponade are referred to as Beck’s triad. What is Beck’s triad?

A
  1. JVD
  2. Muffled heart sounds
  3. Hypotension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Another sign of cardiac tamponade is pulsus paradoxus. What does this mean?

A

Pulsus paradoxus is an exaggeration of the normal decrease in BP with inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What diagnostic tests should you use to diagnose cardiac tamponade?

A

Echo (shows right atrium and ventricle COLLAPSE during diastole), Swan-Ganz right heart catheterization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Treatment of cardiac tamponade

A

Tap it!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List the types of pericarditis

A
  1. Serous
  2. Fibrinous
  3. Purulent
  4. Hemorrhagic
  5. Constrictive- “does not deserve the name”
17
Q

In this type of pericarditis, the pericardium has a smooth surface, scant neutrophils, lymphocytes, & macrophages. The fluid has a low protein content

A

Serous pericarditis

18
Q

SHAGGY, dry, rough pericardial surface with many neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages

A

Fibrinous pericarditis

19
Q

Red granular surface coated with PUS

A

Purulent pericarditis.. remember purulent exudate!

20
Q

Any pericarditis where blood is involved

A

Hemorrhagic pericarditis

21
Q

Most common type of clinical pericarditis is acute “idiopathic” pericarditis, but it is usually caused by?

A

Virus: Echovirus or Coxsackie virus (haha)

22
Q

A patient comes in with chest pain. The pain goes away when they sit down and lean their torso forward. What diagnosis comes to mind?

A

Acute pericarditis

23
Q

You listen to the hunched over patient’s heart. You hear a friction rub. Do you feel better about your differential of acute pericarditis?

A

Yes you do! Pericardial friction rubs are a pretty specific sign of acute pericarditis

24
Q

A patient with pericarditis has elevated troponin I levels. What do dis mean?

A

Myopericarditis.. The myocardium is being destroyed and is releasing its enzymes (troponin I)

25
Q

You need 2 out of 4 of these findings to diagnose acute pericarditis

A
  1. Typical chest pain
  2. Pericardial friction rub
  3. “Suggestive” changes on ECG (ST elevation, PR segment elevation)
  4. Pericardial effusion
26
Q

Acute pericarditis due to pyogenic bacteria is rare with purulent exudate. What bugs typically cause it?

A

S. aureus, strep pneumoniae

27
Q

Autoimmune pericarditis is strongly associated with what two autoimmune diseases?

A
  1. Lupus

2. Rheumatoid arthritis

28
Q

This pericarditis is when the heart is “encased” in fibrous tissue, so that it is not allowed to dilate or hypertrophy.

A

Constrictive pericarditis

29
Q

How do you treat constrictive pericarditis?

A

Strip it! Surgically

Parker- CV Path (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions