Nichols- Hemodynamics 1

Question 1

RA pressure

Answer 1

3

Question 2

RV pressure

Answer 2

25

Question 3

LA pressure

Answer 3

8

Question 4

LV diastolic pressure

Answer 4

10

Question 5

LV systolic pressure

Answer 5

130

Question 6

Laplace relationship says that ventricular stress increases/decreases in proportion to arterial BP?

Answer 6

Increases

Question 7

Laplace relationship says that ventricular stress increases/decreases in proportion to ventricular wall thickness?

Answer 7

Decreases

Question 8

A patient has crackles (pulm edema) with an elevated BNP. What does this mean?

Answer 8

The elevated BNP means that the pulmonary edema is due to heart failure, not lung disease

Question 9

You have a heart failure patient with an atrial gallop that sounds like “Tennessee”. What is the cause of their heart failure?

Answer 9

Hypertension

Question 10

Acute heart failure has 4 profiles. Describe profile A

Answer 10

Warm and dry

Question 11

Profile B

Answer 11

warm and wet

Question 12

profile C

Answer 12

cold and wet

Question 13

Profile L

Answer 13

Cold and dry

Question 14

What does the warm/cold refer to?

Answer 14

the patient’s extremities

Question 15

what does the wet/dry refer to?

Answer 15

Wet: JVD, edema, crackles

Question 16

Best way to differentiate between hypovolemic patient (from occult bleeding) from acute heart failure (due to myocardial ischemia)?

Answer 16

Measure central venous pressure. It is elevated in HF and lowered in hypovolemic patients

Question 17

What is the threshold for heart failure?

Answer 17

25% reduction in forward stroke volume