Nicholas II Flashcards
How much did coal, iron and steel production increase form 1890-1900
iron and steel x8
coal x3
How many of the blast furnaces in the Donbass were operational in 1903?
23/35
How much of russia’s iron and steel was used on railways by 1890
60%
What percentage of the railways were government owned
70%
How many foreign companies had invested in Russian industry by 1900
269
what did adopting the gold standard do for investment
protected investment with a stable currency
Why did Witte keep high import tariffs
to encourage internal industrial growth
Why did Witte raise taxes
tp encourage peasants to sell their grain, increasing russia’s export and foreign currency
Witte finance minister
1893-1903
Stolypin’s land reforms aim
allow peasants to leave mir
reduce power of mir
redistribute the land of nobles
help kulaks buy land to create more efficient farms
How much of Russia’s economy was based on food exports
50%
Russia’s population change from 1861-97
50 to 79 million
What was a khutor
A plot where the owner lived on his land, seperate from the village
What was an otrub
where the owner has consolidated land but still lives within the village
What system was still largely used for distributing land
the three strip system
When were the textile strikes in st petersburg and how many women were involved?
1896-7, 30000
What was the literacy rate by 1897
57.8%
How many strikers were there in January 1905?
110,000
How many signed Father Gabon’s petition?
150,000
Nickname for nicholas?
little father
how many killed in bloody sunday
96 (reported) - 200
How many were executed and deported in response to 1905
15,000, 45,000
nickname for noose after executions in 1906
stolypin’s necktie
Largest party, and seat share in 1st duma
Kadets, 182/448
what percentage of workers in st petersburg voted in the 2nd duma
70%
what did the vyborg manifesto do?
Urged people to boycott voting, gave Tsar a reason to shut down the Kadets.
Largest party in 3rd duma, and number of seats
Octobrists, 154
how many of the 2500 proposals were approved by 3rd duma
2200
When was universal education act passed
1908
Main beliefs of the liberals
Civil rights, free elections, constitutional monarchy
Main beliefs of SD
Oppose the SR, marxist socialists, want to achieve revolution through the working class
What groups did the SR follow from
Populists/narodniks
What belief was popular at the outbreak of war
nationalism
What % of Russian men were conscripted for WW1
40
How many rifles were there by winter 1914
2 between 3 men
Why was St Petersburg changed to Petrograd
St petersburg sounded too German
What proportion of the Austrian army were taken out by the Brusilov campaign
1/2
% growth in shell production by 1916
1000
Where was Russia forced out of in 1916
Poland, Lithuania, Latvia
Russians killed and russians wounded between May and December 1915
1 million
Total casualties from WW1
8 million
Why did the Zemgor and Congress of industry and business weaken the Tsar’s authority
They showed effective governance was possible without the Tsar’s ruling
Why was Rasputin so popular with the Romanovs
He claimed he could heal their son, Alexei who had haemophillia
What were the rumors surrounding Rasputin
Sexually promiscuous, thought to have an affair with Alexandra
What did the minister of the interior, rasputin’s friends Prologopov, suggest
Allowing a revolution to occur so they could withdraw the army from the war to crush it.
What effect did the death of Rasputin have on Tsarist authority
Failures of the government could only be blamed on Tsar
How much does the war cost by 1918
14.5 billion roubles
Why was the loss of poland significant
it was a centre of industrial activity
How many of 1000 wagons of food made it to Petrograd/ month by 1917
300
What does the 1.2kg bread ration change to from 1917
40g
Why did grain production decrease during the war
50% of farmers were at war
Name of police chief murdered in february 1917 strikes
Shalfeev
Which party had the largest share of seats in the First Duma
Kadets
What did the Kadets issue after being angered by the ineffective nature of the First Duma
Vyborg Manifesto
What percentage of workers in St Petersburg voted to elect the 2nd Duma
70%
What commodities was Russia the 4th largest producer of by 1914
Coal, pig iron and steel
When did russia become the largest cereal exporter
1911
When did the SD split
1903 at the second congress of soviets
What were the main beliefs of the liberals
civil rights and freedoms. free elections and democracy, self determination for minority groups and extended power for the zemstvo.
What were the aims of the SR
to overthrow the government with a peasant revolution, believed the peasants should control the country
who supported the SR
peasants, middle class people and some workers
how many assassination did the SR commit 1900-14
2000
When was the SR founded
1899
What ideas did the SR follow
Marxist and populist
What well known book did Lenin write what is to be done and where was it published
1902- socialist newspaper iskra.
