NHPAS

Question 1

Define obesity

Answer 1

Obesity is characterised by carrying excess body weight in the form of fat and is defined as having a waist circumference of 88 cm or more for women and 102 cm or more for men.

Question 2

Define cardiovascular disease and give to examples of CVD

Answer 2

And cardiovascular disease is defined as reduced functioning of the heart and blood vessels. 
Examples include:
- hypertension 
- coronary heart disease
- peripheral vascular disease 
- atherosclerosis

Question 3

Define diabetes Mellitus and give two examples of diabetes Mellitus

Answer 3

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic chronic condition that results in the body not being able to utilise blood glucose correctly.
Examples include:
- type one diabetes (characterised by the pancreas not producing enough insulin to allow glucose from the blood into the cells)
- type two diabetes (characterised by the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the body not being able to use insulin effectively; known as insulin resistance)
- gestational diabetes (developing during pregnancy)

Question 4

Define cancer and give two examples of cancer

Answer 4

Cancer is characterised by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells threatening to damage other parts of the body.
Examples include:
- prostate cancer 
- breast cancer 
- colorectal cancer 
- lung cancer 
- melanoma skin cancer 
- non-melanoma skin cancer 
- cervical cancer 
- non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma cancer

Question 5

Define arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions and give two examples of arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions.

Answer 5

Musculoskeletal conditions refer to conditions of the bones muscles and other attachments such as ligaments tendons and joints.

Osteoporosis: A disease where bone density deteriorates leaving the bones week and more prone to fracture.

Arthritis: Characterised by cartilage being worn down. Cartilage usually cushions the joints where bones meet and when worn down bones rub on bone which cause pain and limit mobility.

Examples include:

• osteoarthritis
• rheumatoid arthritis
• osteoporosis
• juvenile arthritis
• back problems

Question 6

Define injuries

Answer 6

Injury refers to the adverse affect on the human body that may result from a range of different events. Injuries maybe accidental or intentional.

Question 7

Define mental health and give two examples

Answer 7

Defined by the definition of mental health. “A state of well-being in which every individual realises his or her own potential/abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his or hers community”.

Examples include:

• anxiety (characterised by feelings of worry or nervousness).
• depression (characterised by prolonged feelings of sadness cause by a physical imbalance in the brain that lasts for an extended period of time).

Question 8

Define asthma

Answer 8

Asthma is a condition characterised by inflammation of the airways in response to certain triggers.

Question 9

Define dementia and give two examples of dementia.

Answer 9

Dementia is not a specific disease but a term used to describe numerous diseases characterised by progressive and irreversible loss of brain function.

Examples include:

• Alzheimer’s disease
• vascular dementia
• dementia with Lewy bodies
• frontotemperal dementia

Question 10

List the 9 NHPA’s

Answer 10

• Obesity
• Cardiovascular health
• Mental health
• Injury prevention and control
• Arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions
• Asthma
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Cancer control
• Dementia

Question 11

Why is … classified as an NHPA

Answer 11

• contribute significantly to burden of disease
• contributes significantly to YLL’s or YLD’s
• there is potential for significant improvements in health to be made that is they are largely preventable or manageable
• they contribute significantly to cost to both the individual and community