Chapter 8

Question 1

Characteristics of developed and developing countries

Answer 1

Economic characteristics

Social characteristics

Environmental characteristics

Question 2

Economic characteristics of developed countries

Answer 2

Wide range of industries Many opportunities for global trade
High average incomes
Low international dept

Question 3

Social characteristics of developed countries

Answer 3

Gender quality 
Low birth rates
High levels of employment
High levels of education 
Social security systems
Developed health systems 
Access to technology 
Developed legal systems 
No history of colonisation

Question 4

Environmental characteristics of developed countries

Answer 4

Safe water and sanitation
Access to food
Adequate housing
Adequate infrastructure

Question 5

Who is responsible for mortality strata

Answer 5

The world health organisation

Question 6

What is the mortality strata measured in

Answer 6

For child mortality: Under five mortality rate

For adult mortality: Mortality rates of males aged between 15 and 59 years

Question 7

Mortality stratum A

Answer 7

Child mortality: very low

Adult male mortality: very low

Question 8

Mortality stratum B

Answer 8

Child mortality: low

Adult male mortality: low

Question 9

Mortality stratum C

Answer 9

Child mortality: low

Adult male mortality: high

Question 10

Mortality stratum D

Answer 10

Child mortality: high

Adult male mortality: high

Question 11

Mortality stratum E

Answer 11

Child mortality: high

Adult male mortality: very high

Question 12

Human development

Answer 12

Creating an environment in which…

• people can develop to their full potential
• lead productive, creative lives according to their needs and interests

It is about…

• expanding people’s choices
• enhancing their capabilities (the range of things people can be and do)
• having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living
• participating in the life of their community
• decisions affecting their lives

Question 13

The human development index is developed by…

Answer 13

United Nations

Question 14

Explain the human development index

Answer 14

The human development index measures the level of human development being experienced in different countries and regions. It uses 3 dimensions; health, education and living standards and 4 indicators; life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling and gross national income per capita to create an index that estimates the level of human development in specific countries.

Question 15

Dimensions of the HDI and their indicators

Answer 15

Health
- life expectancy at birth

Education

• mean years of schooling
• expected years of schooling

Living standards
- gross national income per capita

Question 16

Life expectancy at birth

Answer 16

An indication of how long a person can expect to live it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at this if death rates do not change

Question 17

Mean years of schooling

Answer 17

The average number of years of education achieved by those aged 25 years and over

Question 18

Expected years of schooling

Answer 18

The number of years of education expected for a child at school entrance age

Question 19

Gross national income per capita

Answer 19

The overall income of a country after expenses owing to other countries has been paid divided by the population of the country

Question 20

Sustainability

Answer 20

Is defined as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Question 21

Dimentions of sustainability

Answer 21

Affordability
Appropriateness
Equity

Question 22

Appropriateness

Answer 22

Creates an environment in which the implement program addresses the specific needs of the targeted community of population.
Therefore it involves the people focuses on education.

Question 23

Affordability

Answer 23

Creates an environment to help insure economic stability. Therefore it ensures the affordability of programs is important that the individual community and national level.

Question 24

Equity

Answer 24

Creates an environment in which the implement a program is equitable in terms of providing opportunities and meeting the needs of all individuals and community groups.

Question 25

Factors that influence health and human development in developing and developed countries

Answer 25

Income 
Gender equality 
Peace and political stability 
Access to health care 
Education 
Physical environment 
Global marketing

Question 26

Income

Answer 26

If a country has a high gross national income they can avoid poverty and associated impacts of poverty

Question 27

Gender equality

Answer 27

When women have the same power and control over their lives as men do their health outcomes improve

Question 28

Peace and political stability

Answer 28

Political instability impacts on health and human development including a breakdown of law and order, destruction to education, lack of healthcare and human rights abuses

Question 29

Access to health care

Answer 29

Axis to hospitals doctors essential medicines and preventative health care is necessary in maintaining health and human development

Question 30

Education

Answer 30

Education promotes literacy which can lead to a higher socioeconomic status including stable employment and income

Question 31

Physical environment

Answer 31

With an adequate physical environment including access to water and sanitation housing physical infrastructure climate and climate change health risks can be avoided

Question 32

Global marketing

Answer 32

Globalisation makes it easier for companies to market and sell their services and products in all corners of the globe. While some products and services may be beneficial certain services and products are not such as tobacco, alcohol and processed foods