Newton's Laws, Force and Technology Flashcards
What does biomechanics enable performers and coaches to do?
- Analyse performance
- Maximise movement efficiency and sporting technique
- Reduce or prevent injuries
- Design and choose the correct equipment to satisfy the demands of the activity
What are Newton’s laws of motion?
- Newton’s First Law (Law of Inertia)
- Newton’s Second Law (Law of Acceleration)
- Newton’s Third Law (Law of Reaction)
What is Newton’s First Law?
” A body continues in a state of rest or uniform velocity unless acted upon by an external or unbalanced force”
What is inertia?
The resistance of a body to change its state of motion, whether at rest or while moving
What is Newton’s Second Law?
” A body’s rate of change in momentum is proportional to the size of the force applied and acts in the same direction as the force applied”
What is Newton’s Third Law?
” For every action force applied to a body there is an equal and opposite reaction force”
How do you calculate velocity?
Velocity = displacement
——————–
time
How do you calculate momentum?
Momentum = Mass x Velocity
How do you calculate acceleration?
Acceleration = (final velocity - initial velocity)
——————————————-
time
How do you calculate force?
Force = Mass x Acceleration
What is ‘net force’?
The sum of all forces acting on a body
What 5 effects can force have on a body?
- Can create motion
- Can accelerate a body
- Can decelerate a body
- Can change the direction of a body
- Can change the shape of a body
What are the vertical forces acting on a body?
Weight and Reaction
How is weight calculated?
Weight = Mass x Acceleration due to gravity(10)
What are the horizontal forces acting on a body?
Friction and Air Resistance
What factors affect friction?
- Roughness of the ground surface
- Roughness of contact surface
- Temperature
- Size of normal reaction
What factors affect air resistance?
- Velocity
- Shape
- Fronal cross-sectional area
- Smoothness of surface
What is limb kinematics?
Assessing the movement in relation to time and space. It allows joint and limb efficiency to be evaluated with measurements of bone geometry.
What are force plates?
A source to measure ground reaction forces in laboratory conditions. Dta gathered can be used to assess the size and direction of forces acting on the athlete.
What are wind tunnels?
Wind tunnels measure the forces produced by the air against an objects surface. The aim of using them is to improve the flow of air around an object, streamlining its path through the oncoming air and potentially increasing lift or decreasing drag.
