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Ocr Alevel Media Studies > Newspapers > Flashcards

Newspapers Flashcards

1
Q

What are Harcup and O’Neill’s news categories?

A
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2
Q

Name left wing broadsheet newspapers

A

The guardian (in tabloid size)
The independent

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3
Q

Name left wing tabloid newspapers

A

The daily mirror

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4
Q

Name a centre broadsheet newspaper

A

i
Financial times

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5
Q

Name right wing broadsheet newspapers

A

The times
Daily telegraph

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6
Q

Name right wing tabloid newspapers

A

The sun
Daily Mail
Daily express

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7
Q

Name conventions of a broadsheet/ quality press

A

Tidier layout
More copy on front page
Fewer images
Serious/ hard news
Headline have smaller fonts
Some stories are complete on the front page
Headlines usually have words of multiple syllables
Any adverts are for high end products- ABC1 audience
New values- political & worldwide stories
Any celebs tend to be more established or more high brow

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8
Q

Name conventions of a tabloid/ popular press

A

Cluttered layout
Less copy on the front page
Some have red tops
Headlines have larger fonts
Often comical,less serious- puns, rhymes word play
Soft news agenda
In line with C2DE audience
Usually multi deck headline for the splash
News values- prioritise less serious stories e.g sex, crime, celebs
Headlines often contain words of single syllables
Usually only body text for the splash and a jump line- maybe 2 stories rarely 3
Sensationalises- to cause events to seem more extreme than they are

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9
Q

Puff

A

Makes something stand out, usually by putting text in a shape

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10
Q

Headline

A

Story summarised in a few words, each deck is a line

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11
Q

Splash

A

Lead story on front cover

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12
Q

Subheading

A

More detail given to the headline

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13
Q

Stand first

A

Introductory paragraph in an article, in larger or bolder type that summarises the article

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14
Q

Body text/ copy

A

The main body of the text

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15
Q

Jump line

A

Tells reader which page to turn to, to continue the story

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16
Q

Stand-alone

A

A picture story that can exist on its own or on a front page leading to a story inside

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17
Q

Off lead

A

The secondary story on the front cover

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18
Q

Skyline

A

Information panes usually at the top of the cover giving information on other stories in the paper

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19
Q

Kicker

A

More detail given to the headline, usually above the headline, spanning its width

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20
Q

Advert

A

Usually for a product which would appeal to the demographic profile of the readership

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21
Q

What does free press mean?

A

We live in a democracy- all opinions can be expressed
Anyone can set up a newspaper
Self regulated
‘ the freedom of the press is rooted in the freedom to publish in a free market’ Curran

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22
Q

What are Frederick s Siebert’s 4 theories of the press?

A

Authoritarian theory
Libertarian theory
Soviet theory
Social responsibility theory

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23
Q

Outline authoritarian theory

A

Direct government control of the mass media
Media aren’t allowed to print or broadcast anything which could undermine the established authority; any offence to the existing political values avoided
Government may punish anyone who questions the states ideology
Government is infallible/ doesn’t make mistakes
Media professionals aren’t allowed to have any independence within the media organisation
All imported media products are controlled by the state

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24
Q

Outline libertarian theory

A

Rests on the idea that the individual should be free to publish whatever they like
Attacks on the government policies are fully accepted and even encouraged
No restrictions on import or export of media messages across the national frontiers
Journalists and media professionals have full autonomy within the media organisation

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25
Outline Soviet theory
Closely tied to communist ideology Media organisations in the system aren’t intended to be privately owned and are to serve the interests of the working class Both the Soviet and the authoritarian acknowledge the government are superior to the media institutions The mass media in the Soviet model are expected to be self-regulatory with regard to the content of their messages The Soviet theory differs from the authoritarian theory in that the media organisations have a certain responsibility to meet the wishes of their audience
26
Outline social responsibility theory
Media has certain obligations to society “Informativeness, truth, accuracy, objectivity and balance “ Media as a whole is pluralised, indicating “a reflection of the diversity of society, as well as access to various points of view “ Provides an entrance to different mass media for minority groups Journalist is accountable to his audience as well as to the government
27
Outline the history of press freedom
18th century American revolution “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise there of; or abridging of freedom of speech or of the press (first amend) After American and French revolutions, English writers argued, more full press, freedom Freedom of expression - Human Rights Act 1998
28
Outline the Leveson enquiry
Millie Dowler 13 years old Abducted 21st march 2002 Body discovered 18th September 2002 23rd June 2011, Levi Bellfield found guilty 4th July 2011- The Guardian reports that Dowler's phone had been accessed by News of the World journalists This became known as the Phone Hacking Scandal and unearthed many others who had their phones tampered with
29
What do we need to balance in regards to press freedom?
The need for press freedom - to hold those in power to account The need for individual rights/ freedom - those in power should have the right to a private life
30
Describe Lord Leveson's recommendations
Newspapers should continue to be self regulated- and the government should have no power over what they publish There had to be a new press standards body created by the industry, with a new code of conduct That body should be backed by legislation, which would create a means to ensure the regulation was independent and effective The arrangement would provide the public with confidence that their complaints would be seriously dealt with- and ensure the press are protected from interference
31
Define free market capitalism
The press are able to print free from government interference Free press is essential in a democratic society Article 10 of the Human Rights Act means that free speech is a right given to everybody, including the press Free speech and democracy means that the press is self regulated
32
What did frost do?
Compares news today with the 1960s - far less international news today - far fewer stories about politics today - less about industry today - more gossip, sport, celebrity and entertainment today Journalist are governed by the need to sell copy “ don’t let the facts get in the way of a good story”
33
What did Aristotle say?
Life is about the pursuit of happiness The sole purpose of life is to be happy Happiness is the ‘golden mean’ Everything in moderation Don’t live to excess Problem: his thinking is too idealistic
34
What did Kant say?
Deontologist- concerned with duty ethics The idea that duty is to deny self and follow obligation Identified 3 imperatives (actions): 1. Technical imperative - the idea that you need to be skilful at your job 2. Hypothetical imperatives - those actions that it would be sensible to take 3. Categorical imperatives - absolute duties - moral actions - if a person determines it a categorical imperative not to lie, then you should never lie Also believed that intentions are more important than the act itself Actions are morally justifiable if they are acted out of duty rather than self interest
35
What did Ross say?
Deontologist- ethics of sticking to rules and obligations Believed we are all bound by our own words and acts I.e: if you do wrong you are duty bound to put it right to the best of your ability If someone does you a good turn, you are duty bound to return the favour Four theories: 1. Beneficience - our duty to improve the lives of others 2. Justice - our duty to see that people get what they deserve- both pleasure and punishment 3. Self improvement - our duty to improve ourselves- intellectually and emotionally 4. Non injury - our duty not to cause harm to others
36
Why is Ross an important figure in journalism?
Recommended self regulation of the press Press council was set up in 1953
37
Who are the two press regulators?
IPSO IMPRESS
38
Who is IPSO?
The independent press standards organisation
39
What newspapers do IPSO regulate?
The sun The daily telegraph The Sunday telegraph Daily mirror Daily Mail Mail on Sunday The times The Sunday times Daily star Daily star Sunday Metro The i
40
How is IPSO funded?
Financed by the Regulatory Funding Company (RFC) Which is funded by member publications. IPSO carries out its work separately and completely independently from its members
41
Who is IMPRESS?
The independent monitor for the press
42
Does impress regulate any national newspapers?
No, has 115 publications signed up but 0 national papers regulated by them
43
How is IMPRESS funded?
By the independent press regulation trust ( IPRT)- a charity and by regulatory fees paid by publishers
44
Name some self regulated newspapers
The Independent the Guardian the observer the financial Times
45
What drives the news in the UK?
Politics Economy Public interest Celebrities
46
What drives the daily mail?
Profits
47
What drives the guardian?
Reinvesting income into journalism
48
What drives social media news?
Click bait Advertising Shocking others Informing others Propaganda Raising their profile
49
How do the guardian make money?
Print subscriptions- £12.99 per month Cover price- £2.50 Patrons programme Donations Events Masterclasses Advertising
50
How do the daily Mail make money?
Cover price - 65p Advertising online and in print Daily Mail+ £10.99 per month DMGT: - venture capitalists ( invest in other businesses) - events and exhibitions - property investment
51
What type of culture does the Guardian develop?
Donation based
52
What type of culture does the Daily Mail develop?
Slightly more downmarket with click bait stories
53
Which newspapers does News Corporation own?
The sun The times
54
Which newspapers does Daily Mail & General Trust own?
Daily mail i
55
Which newspapers does Reach plc own?
Daily express Daily star Daily mirror
56
Which newspaper does press holdings own?
Daily telegraph
57
Which newspapers does guardian media group/Scott trust own?
The Guardian The observer
58
Apply Curran an Weston’s theory to the guardian
The Guardian refuse to put up a pay wall, but instead call for supporters to fund quality journalism
59
Define news values
General guidelines or criteria used by media outlets, such as newspapers, or broadcast media, to determine how much prominence to give to a story
60
Define news agenda
When media industries decide which issues are important
61
Define newsworthy
The story is newsworthy, if it is interesting for the readership
62
Define freedom of the press
The right to publish information, thoughts and opinions without restraint or censorship
63
Define freedom of speech
Freedom to hold opinions without interference
64
Define deregulation
Process in which a government removes controls and rules about how newspapers are owned and controlled
65
Define self regulation
The media creates or develops self regulation mechanisms that are independent from government control
66
Define public interest
Media that serves the interests of the public
67
Define partisan press
Newspapers that openly support a political party, and whose news in particular follows the party line
68
Define quality press
Distinguished by their seriousness
69
Define red top
A tabloid newspaper considered to have lower journalistic standards than broadsheets
70
Who is the editor of the daily mail?
Ted Verity
71
Who is the editor of the Guardian?
Katharine Viner
72
Outline history of the Daily Mail
First published: 4th may 1896 Cost: a halfpenny
73
Outline history of the Guardian
Founded in 1821 Used to be called the Manchester Guardian
74
Who owns the Daily Mail?
Daily Mail and General Trust
75
What type of newspaper is the daily mail?
Tabloid Middle market Published daily
76
What’s the circulation of the Daily Mail?
990106 Highest circulated daily newspaper
77
What is the daily mails political orientation?
Right wing Conservative Party Likely to be more traditional and unwilling for change
78
Apply gerbners theory to the daily Mail
Tries to change the readers views on topics to fit that ideologies, e.g. negative towards immigrants
79
What is a strength of mailonline?
Audience has expanded to other countries which helps to globalise the brand
80
Who is the chairman of the daily Mail?
Jonathon Harmsworth, 4th viscount Rothermere whose grandfather was co founder
81
What is the readership of the daily Mail?
Average age 58 Gender- majority female 52-55% Demographic - 1.4 million ABC1 - 0.7 million C2DE
82
Who regulates the daily Mail?
IPSO
83
What has the Daily Mail been criticised for?
Unreliability, sensationalism, and inaccurate scare stories
84
Who owns the Guardian?
Scott Truss Ltd/guardian media group
85
What genre of newspaper is the guardian?
Broadsheet compact (broadsheet quality, tabloid format) Published daily
86
What is the daily circulation of the Guardian?
111953
87
What political orientation is the Guardian?
Centre left Labour party
88
What is the economic context of the Guardian?
Profits are reinvested into journalism

Ocr Alevel Media Studies (10 decks)

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