News Flashcards
Left Wing Broadsheets
- The Guardian
- The Observer
- The Independent
- The Financial Times
Right Wing Broadsheets
- The Times
- The Daily Telegraph
Left Wing Mid Market
NONE
Right Wing Mid Market
- Daily Express
- The Daily Mail
Left Wing Tabloid
- The Mirror
Right Wing Tabloid
- The Sun
- The Star
Features of Left Wing Papers
- Favour working class
- Favour social equality
- Favour social progress
- Favour of retaining and improving public services e.g. police, NHS, schools
- Favour high taxes and state involvement
- Favour peace
- Inclusive
Features of Right Wing Papers
- Favour the wealthy/ upper class
- Favour survival of the fittest capitalism
- Favour privatisation
- Favour maintaining class status quo.
- Favour lower taxes and less state involvement
- Favour war
- Exclusive/ xenophobic.
ABC1
- A and B upper class
- C1 upper middle
- Broadsheet
C2DE
- C2 lower middle
- DE lower class
- Tabloid
Proprietor
Run by a company/ ‘media baron’ that exists solely to run that newspaper. They manage the newspaper directly. Some owners are conglomerates and directly influence the news reported.
Trust Ownership
A company that legally owns a newspaper but don’t have direct influence on the news published.
Guardian Media Group (Scott Trust)
- The only mainstream self regulated Trust Ownership newspaper.
- Prioritise journalistic freedom, creativity and integrity over profits.
- Run off of newspaper purchases and donations.
- Not-for-profit-organisation.
Newscorp
- Global conglomerate started by Rupert Murdoch.
- Run The Sun (most popular paper reaching 38.2 million people a month) and The Times (one of the oldest and most trusted papers founded in 1785), plus Fox Corporation and Sky.
- Were involved in the News of the World phone hacking scandal.
Reach PLC
- Reach 76% of the UK’s online population.
- Run The Star, The Express and The Mirror.
- Their products typically have less political control and are less politically biased.
- They have a target demographic of 16-34 year olds.
Daily Mail Group
- Ran by Viscount Rothermere- upper class.
- Run The Daily Mail, Mail on Sunday and The Metro.
- Their papers typically attract right wing consumers, but the Metro (free paper) is supposed to be politically unbiased.
Media Concentration
Media becomes owned by progressively fewer individuals or companies.
Media Monopoly
Where one media corporation takes control of many other companies/ subsidiaries.
Media Convergence
Process by which a media platform joins with others to distribute the same product.
Oligopoly
Industry dominated by few people.
UK Democracy
UK entitled to a free press and little state involvement- free market capitalism.
UK Media Oligopoly
90% of the UK’s print media industry is owned by 3 men- Reach PLC, DMG and Newscorp.
Positives of Media Concentration
- More wealthy- higher quality product.
- May make papers cheaper so that more people are attracted to buy it.
- More online content.
- More career opportunities/ stability.
Negatives of Media Concentration
- Corrupt stories.
- Misrepresented stories.
- Stories aren’t diverse or realistic.
- Profit prioritised.
Bauer Radios
Acquired 50 radio stations in 2019- concentration.
News Values - Galtung and Ruge
- Threshold- the bigger the impact and reach of the story.
- Unexpectedness- an event that is a shock or our of the ordinary.
- Negativity- bad news is more interesting- “if it bleeds, it leads”
- Elite persons/ places- stories about important people and places.
- Unambiguous- stories that are easy to understand and be reported on.
- Personalisation- stories that include human interest.
- Proximity- stories that are closer to home.
- Continuity/ currency- stories that are already in the news continue to run and are updated.
Media Regulation
Rules enforced by the law that help maintain standards in the media.
Censorship
Suppression of the media that is considered politically unacceptable.
Self-regulation
Rules for the media enforced by organisations or users.
Free Speech
Right to express any opinions without regulation.
The Leveson Inquiry 2011/12
- Public inquiry conducted in court into the ethicality of the practices of the press after the News of the World phone hacking scandal.
- The report recommended that a new independent body is formed to replace the Press Complaints Commission.
Press Complaints Commission
A voluntary regulatory body for the British press.
Press Recognition Panel
Independent body set up to ensure that any organisation that regulates the press is independent. Formed as a result of the inquiry.
IMPRESS
First official press regulator set up to comply with the inquiry. Consists of press reform campaigners and is funded by many recognisable celebrities and politicians. There is no mainstream paper who are part of IMPRESS due to their concerns of government interference.
Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO)
Set up by the newspapers as an alternative to IMPRESS- not seen to fulfil all the requirements of the inquiry. All of the main newspapers except The Guardian, who self regulate as they have never had a libel case, belong to IPSO.
Libel
When a person can sue a paper if a story about this is published and found to be false. The loser of the case has to cover the legal fees of all parties- only wealthy people can usually afford a libel case.
D-Notice
Request from the government to newspaper edits that they don’t publish sensitive details of a story to protect national security.
Grass Roots Journalism
Independent citizens who report on stories online and on social media.
Positives of Online News
- News is easy to access
- Cheaper
- More frequent
- More diverse
Negatives of Online News
- News cannot always be trusted as anyone can spread it online.
- Less high quality
- Unmonitored engagement with audiences.
- Competeition with grass roots journalists
Monetisation Features
- Advertising (straight fee or pay per click)
- Donation
- Paywall
- Subscription
- Games
- Sponsored content on social media
The Daily Mail Monetisation
- Wide range of adverts to cater to anyone including Amazon Black Friday, Aldi, Just Eat, Hobbs Clothing, Porsche and Prada.
- Discount codes through ads.
- Subscription to The Mail+ to read the papers online.
The Daily Mail Social Media
- TikTok- 7.4 million
- Facebook- 22.6 million
- Instagram- 1.6 million
- Twitter- 2.8 million
- More click bate on social media, especially Facebook and Instagram with lots of soft news celebrity gossip.
The Guardian Monetisation
- Ads designed for an ABC1 audience, including luxury cars, designer brands, Apple, etc.
- Ask for donations through pop ups.
- You can subscribe for physical or online copies of newspapers.
The Guardian Social Media
- TikTok- 237k
- Facebook- 8.8 million
- Instagram- 5.7 million
- Twitter- 10.9 million- more intellectual audiences/ more left wing.
- Mainly politics/ hard news.
