Newborn Transitioning Flashcards

1
Q

Neonatal period

A

From birth thru first 28 days of life.

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2
Q

Transition to extrauterine life

First period of reactivity:
Takes how long

How long is the period of decreased responsiveness after period of reactivity?

A

-Reactivity lasts 30 mins
(Alert, active)

-After we have a decrease responsiveness for 30-120 mins
(Sleeps or has decreased motor activity)

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3
Q

Second period of reactivity

Occurs when
Last how long
S/s (3)

A

Occurs 2-8 hours after birth

Lasts 10min to several hours

S/s:
-tachycardia/tachypnea
-increased muscle tone and color
-meconium typically passes

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4
Q

New borns vitals

BP
Temp
HR (where)
RR

A

BP: 60-90/20-60

Temp: 97.7-99.5

HR: 110-160 (apical x1 min)

RR 30-60/min (count full minute)

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5
Q

Brown fat in newborns

A

Keeps them warm and can be metabolized to warm them up

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6
Q

Respiratory system
Rate
Periodic breathing
What you may hear in the first few hours
What type of breathers are babies

A

30-60/min
Apnea <20 secs

Fine crackles in first few hours not unusual
Nose breathers

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7
Q

Signs of respiratory distress

A

Nasal flaring
Intercostal or subcostal retractions
Grunting
Acrocyanosis (normal in first 24hrs)

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8
Q

Cardiac system

Delay cord clamping for how long
HR
PMI location

A

1 min at least

HR: 110-160

PMI apical impulse, 4th ICS LMCL

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9
Q

When does foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus close

A

Foramen ovale: 6months

Ductus arteriosus: 2-3 days

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10
Q

Signs of risk for cardiovascular problems

A

HR >160 and <80

Pallor, central cyanosis

Poor feeding

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11
Q

Newborn

H&H
WBC
Where we get bllod type and Rh
Iron store sufficient when
PLT
Clotting factors

A

H&H: higher (14-24) (44-64%)

WBC: 9k-30k (stablize around 12k)

Blood type and Rh from cord blood

Iron sufficienct by 4-5months

Plt similar to adults

Clotting: decrease bc low vit K but reach adult level 6months

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12
Q

Neuromuscular

Myelination does what

Seizures and tremors
Has all senses at birth except

A

Myelination of nerves increses first several years

Normal tremors of hypoglycemia

Seizure activity must be differentiated (work out the kinks/works) for first few days

Have all senses but vision

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13
Q

Newborns lose heat how
Conduction
Convection
Evaporation
Radiation

A

Conduction: direct contact with cooler surface

Convection: cool ambient air

Evaporation: from water

Radiation: cooler solid surface not in direct contact but in close proximity (window)

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14
Q

Thermogenesis is what

Non-shivering thermogenesis is what

Cold stress leads to what

A

Thermogenesis: increasing muscle activity (crying, restlessness)

Non-shivering: metabolism of brown fat

Cold stress leads to:
-metabolic/respiratory acidosis

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15
Q

Renal system newborn

Void within when
Day 1/2
Day 4
Pink-tinged uric crystal stains (brick dust) is

Wt loss from fluid shift but will return to birth wt by when

A

Should void within 24hrs
Day 1/2: 2-6x
Day 4: 6-8x

Pink-tinged uric crystal stain normal first week
(Uric acid is high in newborn but will pee and poo out

5-10% wt loss
By week 2 return to birth wt

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16
Q

GI system

Stomach grow when

Meconium pass when (how to assist)

Rectum stimulation

Yellow seedy stool indicates what

A

Stomach grows within days

Meconium first 24hrs (bicycle legs, massage abdomen, apply pressure)

Rectum stim: temp prob, use lube, stimulate to go to bathroom

Yellow: good gi

17
Q

Hunger cues

A

Hand in mouth
Sucking on hand
Rooting
Tongue thrusting
Lip smacking
Crying

18
Q

Hepatic system in newborn

Iron store for how long
Blood glucose
Destroys and breaks down what
Conjugation of what

A

Iron stores for 4-5months
Blood glucose: 40-80mg/dl <40 hypoglycemia

Destruction of RBC
Conjugation of bilirubin

19
Q

Jaundice causes

(4)

Breastfed babies take longer to what

A

Increased destruction of RBCs
Increased unconjugated bilirubin
Inadequate calories
Decrease in bowel motility

Breastfed babies take longer to regulate gut and reduce bili levels

20
Q

Jaundice appear when (does it need treatment)

A

After 24hrs

No tx needed usually

21
Q

Immune system

Passive immunity from what (2)
Acquired immunity (2)

A

Passive:
Mom during pregnancy
Breast milk

Acquired:
Immunizations
Response to foreign organism or toxin

22
Q

IgG from where
IgA from where
IgA prevents what

A

IgG from mom

IgA from breast milk

IgA prevent gut and respiratory illness