Newborn through 12 months

Question 1

Describe normal infant cries

Answer 1

Cry is vigorous, especially after stimulation Tone and pitch are moderate. Infant quiets when left alone, no tears. Self-regulating behaviors are normal.

Question 2

What is an epstein pearl

Answer 2

Gingival cysts in an infant; normal finding.

Question 3

Assessment of hearing in the newborn

Question 4

What is the white, cheesy, protective coating on skin, especially int the creases of newborns?

Answer 4

vernix caseosa

Question 5

Describe the appropriate color of an infant.

Question 6

Describe the normal activity level and disposition of newborns.

Question 7

Describe the infant abdomen.

Question 8

What is considered very low birth weight?

Question 9

Supplemental Fe in breastfeeding babies?

Question 10

The infant should take _____ ounces of formula every _____ hours by 2 months of age.

Question 11

Describe lanugo/hair distribution of the infant.

Question 12

What are some skin lesions found in infants?

Answer 12

Birthmarks, milia, Mongolian spots

Telangiesctasia (“stork bites”)

Diaper rash

Red-mauve blotches

Xanthomas (fatty deposits, lipids)

Question 13

Descibe the normal appearance of the infant’s tympanic membrane.

Answer 13

The tympanic membrane is pearly gray and translucent, a light reflex is present, and it is mobile.

Question 14

Breast tissue in infants, normal?

Question 15

Average respiratory rate?

Question 16

What is the kidney’s ability to reabsorbe phosphate?

Answer 16

Vitamin D resistant rickets - phosphate levels and resulting rickets are not as severe in females as in males.

Question 17

Normal position and posture of the newborn?

Answer 17

The position/posture is tense with flexion or partial flexion of extremities (pitched “frog” position), muscle tone is firm, and the infant assumes the fetal position of for comfort.

Question 18

Head circumference in infants

Answer 18

32-38cm (40 weeks’ gestational age)

Average male, 34.5-35.5, average female, 33.5-34.5 inches.

Average growth in occipitofrontal circumference per week during first 8 weeks of life:

38-40 wk - 0.5cm/wk

34-37wk - 0.8cm/wk

30-33 wk - 1.1cm/wk

“sick” preterm to 0.25 cm/wk

Head 1-2 cm larger than chest.

Question 19

How much weight shold the infant gain from birth to 6 months?

Question 20

From birth to age 6 months, the length increases

Answer 20

about 1 inch per month