Newborn Screening Flashcards
Newborn Screening
- PH program = early identification of disorders (inborn errors of metabolism) which may lead to mental retardation and death
- integral part of routine newborn care, BCG, Vit. K
- 6 disorders
How Newborn Screening Began
- first used to detect phenylketonuria
- expanded to include various other inherited conditions
- evolved as responsibility of publyc health system
- project turned into a DOH program
How it Started in Ph
- 1996
- 18 private and 6 govt hospitals
- NB screening study group
- Philippine NB Screening Project
- blood sample collected from where NB is born then sent to NB screening center
When did NB Screening Become a Law
- 2004
- RA 9288
When was NB Screening Included in Philhealth Package
2006
Newborn Screening as Law Highlights
RA 9288
- institutionalization of national NB screening system
- obligation of health workers and professionals to informa parents about screening and include in records
- collection may be performed by trained physician, medtech, nurse, midwives
- monitoring and follow up of confirmed px should be done regularly for life (medication maintained for life)
- part of licensing and accreditation of DOH
- requirement for PHIC accreditation
- part of PHIC NB care package
- nursing responsibility: health teaching, when should it be done
April 7, 2004
Enactment of Newborn Screening act of 2004
October 5, 2004
Signing and Implementing Rules and Regulation of RA 9288
Disorders in ENBS
more than 20:
1. endocrine disorders
2. amino acid disorders
3. fatty acid oxidation disorders
4. organic acid disorders
5. urea cycle defects
6. hemogloblinopathies (HGB)
7. others (G6PD deficiency, falactosemia, cystic fibrosis, biotinidase deficiency)
NBS Panel of Disorders
- local prevalence
- reversible if treated on time
- treatment is available
6 Tests Panel (If Not Screened)
- congenital hypothyroidism (CH): severe growth
- congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH): death
- galactosemia (GAL): death or cataracts
- phenylketonuria (PKU): severe mental retardation
- G6PD deficiency: severe anemia and kernicterus
- maple syrup urine disease: death
When is NBS Done
- 24-48 hours from birth
- metabolic process not stable right awat to adjust from intra to extrauterine life
- <24 hours: false positive
- treatment at critical age; beyond = irreversible
When to Treat Disorder
- CH: <2 weeks
- CAH: 7 days
- PKU: 2 weeks
- GAL: 7 days
- MSUD: before 5 days
- G6PD: avoid trigger agents of hemolysis
6 Components of the Philippine NB Screening
- management
- screening
- quality assurance
- diagnosis
- follow up
- education
Materials for Blood Sample
- 70% isopropyl alcohol/ sterile water
- dry/ wet cotton balls/ swab
- sterile lancets (3mm tip)
- micropore tape
- drying rack
- completely filled out filter card