newborn nutrition Flashcards
is it normal for a newborn to lose weight after birth?
it’s normal for a baby to lose up to 7% of its birthweight
what is the role of estrogen and progesterone in lactogenesis?
stimulate breast development during pregnancy
what is the role of prolactin in lactogenesis?
it is released from anterior pituitary in response to breast stimulation, for milk production
what is the role of oxytocin in lactogenesis?
it is released from the posterior pituitary in response to breast stimulation, for ejection of milk (let-down reflex)
when is colostrum produced?
during pregnancy (as early as the first trimester)
components of colostrum
- high in IgA
- high in protein, vitamins, and minerals
- low in fats and carbs
when does transitional milk come in?
by day 5 postpartum
components of transitional milk
contains more fat, lactose (this is the carb), vitamins, and calories
when does the breast milk mature
present at 2 weeks postpartum, up to 6 months postpartum
foremilk
the milk that flows at the start of feeding session; it’s high in lactose and protein, low in fat
hind milk
the milk that flows later in let-down; high in fat
what is the diet for a mother who’s breastfeeding?
generally no need to avoid certain foods, restrict alcohol, and limit caffeine
when should the initial feeding take place?
within the first hour
how often should a newborn be fed
hospitals prefer every 3-4 hrs but we encourage moms to feed on demand even if the last feeding took place only an hour ago
what are signs of hunger in a newborn?
- rooting (when you touch their cheek, they’ll move their mouth toward your finger)
- hands to mouth
- crying is a late sign
how do we know if the baby is getting enough during a feeding?
- baby may fall asleep at breast or pulls away = sign that baby is satiated
- softening of the breast
- baby is voiding
- pre/post weights
if a woman’s breasts are engorged, what can we suggest to help?
encourage frequent feedings/pumping
if a woman’s nipples appear sore, cracked, blistered, or bruised, what can this indicate and how can we help?
an incorrect latch
- assess and support position
- lanolin cream
- hydrogel dressings
ready to feed formula:
- don’t need to add anything
- more expensive
powered formula:
- water is added
- must be used within 24-48 hrs
- least expensive
formula concentrate:
- water is added
- in the middle of expensive and not
how do we calculate how much a baby should eat?
100 kcal/kg/day
formula = 20 kcal/oz.
