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T 2.5 > Newborn exam > Flashcards

Newborn exam Flashcards

1
Q

apgar score

A

appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration

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2
Q

danger signs in newborn

A

pallor, cyanosis, floppiness, tachynpnoea, alar flaring, intercostal recessions, grunting, abnormal features

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3
Q

immediate observation after birth

A

apgar exam

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4
Q

detailed exam at convenient time

A

gest age, anthro, vitals, gen, systemic, neuro exams

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5
Q

approach

A

soon as possible after birth, mother + ID + present check road to health card + history, hands warm and clean, baby kept warm

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6
Q

gest age assessment

A

length of time feotus spent inutero
det majority at birth
n/term gest - 37-40 weeks
late term - 40-42
preterm - <37
post term - >42

each has different set of risk factors etc

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7
Q

neonat anthro

A

w
ofc
l

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8
Q

weight neonat

A

2.5-3.5kg
(low <2.5, high risk <1.5)
sga etc

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9
Q

ocf neomat

A

n-34cm
mciroceph - below 3rd perc for ga
macroceph - abovr 97th perc for ga

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10
Q

l neonat

A

n - 47-53cm
infantometer

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11
Q

vital signs of infant (n)

A

resp rate 35-45 bpm
hr 120-160 bpm
bp 50-55/30 to 80/50
cap refill 2-3s
temp rectal 36.5-37.5 axillary 35.6-37.3

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12
Q

general exam of neonat

A

abnormalities exam
behaviour and activity
tone colour
sick or well
injuries
position of limbs
proportions of limbs

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13
Q

systemic exam of neonat (skin)

A

colour, skin coverings (vernix caseosa- baby custard), birth marks, rashes

reassure parent of normal findings

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14
Q

milia

A

white spots ovet bridge of nose - retained sebum non path

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15
Q

telangiectasic nevia

A

red lesions back of head and neck
blanch easily

reassure parent

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16
Q

eerythema toxicum neonatorum

A

raised papules
inflit eosinophils
asympt, regress spontaneously

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17
Q

mongonlian spot

A

blue grey spot on bums
dissappear 3-5 yrs

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18
Q

transient jaundice

A

may be physiological and degress spontaneously
phototherapy

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19
Q

head observations

A

shape, symmetry, size,
fontanelles - ant up to 4x4 and post fingertip
sutures (moulding during birth)
swelling - caput succedaneum (bulging)

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20
Q

caput succedaneum

A

transient scalp oedema
swelling causes by birthing, natural and resolves

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21
Q

face observations

A

dysmorphic syndorms
eyes
ears
mouth

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22
Q

down synd

A

upward slant eyes
epicanthic folds
short broad hands
etc

40% congent heart dx

23
Q

fas

A

feot alch syndrome
small eyes
thin upper lip
smooth phillithrum

24
Q

eyes observation

A

eye discharge is abnormal (eg neonat conjucntivitis)

25
ears observation
size shape position related to eye - upper 3rd is above the level of outer angle of eye pits and tags
26
nose observation
patent nostrils nasolabial folds when baby cries
27
mouth observations
cleft lip or palate shape, opening, arch, tongue normal
28
epsteins pearls
two white spots either side of midline on palate harmless and dissappear usually after few weeks
29
neck observations
appearance and neck folds or webs swellings
30
chest exam
resp and cvs
31
resp exam
resp rate 35-45 bpm pattern - often irregular in sleep shape and expansion of chest ausc
32
cvs exam
radio fem delay - coary of aorta 120-160 bpm cap refill apex beat 4 lic within mcl s1 and s2 added sounds or mumurs
33
abdom exam
organomeg n palp : 2-3 cm of liver and tip of spleen + full bladder + lower poles of kid in thin infants check umb for umb cord, vessels and sepsis in periumb gross abn (defects)
34
gent + anus observation
ext gen - scrotum sym, penile deformities patent anal opening + normal location urine output within 24 hrs stool 1st - meconium within 36 hours
35
hypospadias
uretheral opening on under surface
36
muscskel system exam
clavicles, upper limb, spine, lower limbs, finger and toes, hips (cdh)
37
cdh
congent dislocation of hips
38
neurological exam
consciousness tone cranial nerves reflexes
39
loc observation
alert/normal/drowsy abn - hyperactivity, high pitched cry, abn drowsiness, coma
40
tone observation
ventral suspension- tensing limbs and neck n vs floppy - hypotonia - froglike posture supine hypertonia - increased resistance to extension
41
cranial nerves assessment
appearance of face facial movements eye movements pupillary response swallowing normal cry vision resp to bright light and face hearing resp to noise
42
Newborn reflexes
primitive reflexes deep tendon superficial reflexes
43
primitive reflexes
grasping reflex - 26 wks - 4 m rooting reflex - 28 wks moro reflex - 28 wks - 4 m sucking and swallowing - weak in preterm stepping reflex
44
moro reflex
sudden supported extension movement of head in relation to spine extention and abd of limbs extension of fingers followed by flexion of elbows amd fingers across chest
45
sucking reflex
placr thumb in mouth or offer mothers breast strong sucking response, weak in preterm
46
stepping reflex
stimulate dorsum of foot foot raises
47
deep tendon
knee jerk reflex
48
knee jerk reflex
place hand below knee, feel quadriceps tendon snd apply sharp tap sudden kicking movement
49
supericial reflex
plantar reflex
50
plantar reflex
stroke lat sole and curve inwards upward point of big toe and extention of others adults - flexion is normal, extension abn (babinskis sign)
51
conclusion
summarize finding record on rthc reflect management plan long + short term discharge criteria
52
grasp reflex
place finger ulnar side of palm or foot flexion or grasping of finger
53
rooting reflex
stroke cheek with finger or nipple infant turns head to side and opens mouth

T 2.5 (10 decks)

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