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Special Pops - Peds > Newborn and Well Child Exams > Flashcards

Newborn and Well Child Exams Flashcards

1
Q

Erythromycin prophylaxis in newborns is to prevent what?

A

Ophthalmia neonatorum (which can lead to corneal scarring)

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2
Q

What assesses fetal maturation of newly born infants?

A

New Ballard score

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3
Q

What is ophthalmia neonatorum?

A
  • Untreated gonorrhea causing purulent discharge from the eye in a newborn
  • Can lead to corneal scarring
  • Erythromycin prophylaxis in newborns to avoid this
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4
Q

What is auditory brainstem response screening?

A
  • Screening to evaluate the integrity of the auditory pathway of a newborn
  • Soft clicking sound in each ear, electrodes monitor response
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5
Q

What is caput succedaneum?

A
  • Neonatal condition
  • WNL fluid collection causing swelling of head due to pressure against the cervix during delivery
  • Resolves in 3-4 days
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6
Q

What is cephalohematoma?

A
  • Hematoma underneath the skin in the periosteum of a newborn’s skull
  • Causes unnecessary pooling of blood
  • Takes months to resolve
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7
Q

Biggest difference between caput succedaneum and cephalohematoma?

A

Caput succedaneum will take days to resolve, but cephalohematoma could take months

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8
Q

How to differentiate caput succedaneum vs. cephalohematoma?

A
  • Caput can occur across suture lines

- Cephalohematoma cannot occur across suture lines (periosteum ends there)

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9
Q

What is worse in infants/children: inguinal or umbilicus hernias?

A

Inguinal

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10
Q

What is a Simian crease?

A
  • Single line that runs across the palm of the hand

- Small hands or Down Syndrome

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11
Q

Barlow and Ortolani tests?

A

Newborn hip exam (to assess for developmental hip dysplasia)

  • Barlow: dislocate hip by pushing down
  • Ortolani: relocate hip by pulling up
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12
Q

Newborn exam: potential signs of spina bifida?

A
  • Sacral sinus and dimple

- Hair tuft

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13
Q

What is congenital dermal melanocytosis?

A
  • Skin finding of newborn
  • Hyperpigmented
  • Fades with time
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14
Q

Why does neonatal acne develop?

A

Likely due to withdrawal from mother’s hormones

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15
Q

How to treat sebaceous gland hyperplasia vs. neonatal acne?

A

Don’t treat either one - difficult to do and they’ll just resolve on their own

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16
Q

Why does seborrheic dermatitis in the newborn typically develop in a triangle on the back of the head?

A

No one wants to scrub/scrape that area (because of the fontanelle)

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17
Q

What is salmon patch hemangioma?

A

Very superficial blood vessels found on newborns - fade over time

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18
Q

Describe the moro reflex

A
  • The “startle” reflex
  • Present in up to 4-5 mos old
  • Slightly drop infant
  • Infant will spread out arms (abduct), unspread arms (adduct), and cry
19
Q

Describe the stepping reflex

A
  • Hold newborn upright

- Baby lifts feet as if walking

20
Q

Describe palmar/plantar grasp

A
  • Newborn reflex
  • Place your finger on palm or plantar surface
  • Fingers or toes will curl to grasp
21
Q

Describe the rooting reflex

A
  • Touch anywhere on the face of a newborn
  • Head turns to the side
  • Present by 28 weeks gestation
22
Q

Describe meconium

A
  • Early feces of newborn
  • Black/dark green
  • Heme positive
  • Passed from the body prior to any digestion of milk/formula (consists of desquamated GI cells, lanugo, mucus, amniotic fluid, bile, water)
23
Q

Feces of a newborn once it is being fed milk/formula

A
  • May take a week of feeding to be produced
  • Bright yellow, curdled
  • Looks like diarrhea
24
Q

What is considered physiologic jaundice?

A
  • Visible jaundice appearing AFTER 24 hrs of age (anything before that is abnormal)
  • Total bilirubin rises slowly (less than 5 mg/dL per day)
25
Q

What is Tanner’s height prediction formula?

A

Way to predict adult height

  • Mother’s height plus father’s height
  • Divide by 2
  • Add 6.5 cm for males
  • Subtract 6.5 cm for females
  • Consider a range of 2 standard deviations (approx 5 cm)
26
Q

Pediatric BMI

A
  • BMI = kg / cm^2
  • Calculate BMI then plot on standardized growth charts (gender/age specific)
  • 95th or higher percentile is obese
  • 85th to 94th is overweight
  • 5th to 84th is healthy wt
  • Less than 5th percentile is underweight
27
Q

Normal weight gain of a newborn?

A

An ounce per day

28
Q

When is BMI used in pediatrics?

A

Not until 2 years old

29
Q

Causes of hypertension prior to puberty?

A

Essentially all have an anatomic cause of some sort

30
Q

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

A

0-2 yrs old: sensorimotor
2-7 yrs old: pre-operational
7-11 yrs old: concrete operation
12 yrs and over: formal operations

31
Q

Developmental warning signs at 2 yo

A
  • Cannot walk by 18 mos
  • Does not speak at least 15 words by 18 months
  • Does not use 2 word sentences by age 2
32
Q

Developmental warning signs at 3 yo

A
  • Frequent falling and difficulty w/stairs
  • Inability to build tower of more than 4 blocks
  • Inability to copy a circle by 3
33
Q

Developmental warning signs at 4 yo

A
  • Can’t throw a ball overhand
  • Can’t grasp a crayon b/w thumb and fingers
  • Still clings when parents leave
34
Q

Developmental warning signs at 5 yo

A
  • Extremely fearful/aggressive behavior
  • Easily distracted from any single activity
  • Shows little interest in playing w/other children
35
Q

Define adolescence

A
  • Puberty and somatic growth
  • Social, emotional development
  • Progress from concrete to abstract thinking
  • Establish independent identity
36
Q

MC causes of adolescent mortality

A

Unintentional injury (49%)
Homicide (17%)
Suicide (11%)

37
Q

Describe the sucking reflex

A

Newborn sucks in response to a nipple in the mouth (observed by 14 wks gestation)

38
Q

Describe fencing reflex

A
  • Head turned to one side
  • Arm and leg on same side are extended
  • Arm and leg on OTHER side are flexed
  • Normally disappears by 3 months old
39
Q

Describe Babinski reflex in children

A

Normal for upgoing toe in children up to 2 yo (due to immature nervous system)

40
Q

Describe crawling as a developmental milestone for children

A

NOT considered a milestone - may not develop at all

41
Q

How long do babies routinely cry?

A

Crying persists routinely until 3-4 yo

42
Q

When should a child be able to draw a circle?

A

36 months

43
Q

How long does Freud’s oral stage last?

A

Birth to 18 months

44
Q

How long does Freud’s anal stage last?

A

18 months to 3-4 yo

Special Pops - Peds (10 decks)

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