NEWBORN AND INFANT FEEDING Flashcards
Every infant and child has the right to good nutrition
according to the “______________________________________”.
Convention on the Rights of the Child
About ———% of infants 0–6 months old are exclusively breastfed.
43
The period of ____________________ of age is a critical period during which adequate nutrition is
important for the child to achieve optimum growth and development
birth to 2 years
OBJECTIVES OF INFANT NUTRITION
To promote, protect and support exclusive breastfeeding in the first _____________ of life.
To promote the timely introduction of appropriate and adequate complementary foods while continuing breastfeeding up to ______________ and beyond.
six months
24 months
INFANT FEEDING
Breastfeeding provides the required nutrition for the newborn.
It is recommended that newborns be put to breast within __________ of birth. (Early initiation).
WHO recommends that infants be exclusively breastfed for the 1st ___________ of life.
And then continued till ___________ or more with addition to appropriate, adequate and safe complementary foods.
one hour; six months
24 months
LACTATION
In order to produce milk, hormones are needed.
The two main hormones are __________ and ___________
prolactin and oxytocin.
Prolactin (produced by the ________________) acts on the human breast to ______________.
It takes several _________ of the infant sucking at the breast to cause prolactin secretion.
Prolactin is also important in inhibiting —————-.
anterior pituitary
produce milk
minutes; ovulation
LACTATION
During suckling an impulse is sent via a reflex arc to the ___________ → release of oxytocin from the _________________ → __________ of the __________ of the _________ and the __________ → releases breast milk into the ampulla of lactiferous
ducts “milk ejection” or “milk let down” reflex
it can then be expressed by the mother or sucked by the baby.
hypothalamus; posterior pituitary
Contraction; myoepithelial cells
alveoli; ducts
LACTATION
This milk ejection reflex can also be stimulated by the _________ or _________ of the baby.
It can be inhibited by _______,_________,__________, and __________ released during stress can block the
release of oxytocin
presence ; crying
stress; pain
Opiates ; B endorphins
Lactation
Lactation can be suppressed by conditions like __________ syndrome postpartum ____________
Oestrogen containing ________________
Sheehan’s; hypopituitarism
hormonal contraceptives
SUPPRESSION OF LACTATION
_______ and ______
________ suckling
Giving baby _________
Suppression may be indicated if baby is —————, dies in the neonatal period or there is a contraindication to breast feeding.
Drugs like ____________ (a ________ agonist that inhibits prolactin) can be used. Side effects are hypotension, rebound breast engorgement, myocardial infarction and puerperal stroke.
Stress and pain
Infrequent; other feeds
still born; bromocriptine; dopamine
STIMULATION OF LACTATION
•________ suckling at the breast or expressing starting from the _______ day of life (especially within the 1st ______
of life).
• Proper attachment.
• Encourage mother to drink ________~.. L/day
• Prevent stressful/painful conditions such as breast ______.
• Drugs - ___________ stimulates milk production while intranasal oxytocin cause milk let down
Frequent; 1st; hour
a lot of fluids ; engorgement
metoclopramide
EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING
This is giving an infant __________ only (including expressed breastmilk) with no _______ or other liquids or __________________ .
However, infants can receive ORS, vitamins, minerals and prescribed medicines.
breast milk ; water; breast milk substitutes
All mothers should be encouraged to exclusively breastfeed their infants for the 1st _____________ of life.
All mothers should be taught to __________ and _________ breast milk for feeding their infants (with cup) during periods of unavoidable separation.
6 months
express; preserve
PREDOMINANT BREASTFEEDING
Here, the predominant source of nourishment is _________ (including expressed breastmilk milk or milk from a wet nurse).
The infant may also have received liquids (__________ and ____________ drinks, fruit juice).
breast milk
water and water-based