Evaluation of the Respiratory System

Question 1

The upper respiratory tract includes the _______,________,_________,_________, and ____________.

The lower respiratory tract includes the _________,________,__________ and ____________.

Answer 1

nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and pharynx and larynx

trachea, bronchial tree and the alveoli

Question 2

Breathing is controlled by the __________ and the _______________.

Answer 2

diaphragm; intercostal muscles

Question 3

During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts ______wards, while the intercostal muscles pull the chest wall ____wards. This creates a _________ pressure in the lungs, resulting in the lungs filling with air.

During expiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles (contract or relax?) and air is expelled from the lungs.

Answer 3

down; out; negative

Relax

Question 4

History taking in respiratory

Cough: ________,_________,_________ (Nocturnal, all day)

Coryza, _______ breathing, difficulty with breathing, ______ breathing (wheeze, snoring)

Chest pain, weight loss, Halitosis

Answer 4

Duration, nature , periodicity

Fast; difficulty; noisy

Question 5

Other important parts of history in respiratory cases

Contact hx. History of ___________________________________

past medical hx of similar problem

Preg and birth hx, nutrition ( _____________________ ),immunization hx

family and social hx: birth order, ___________ and ___________________ , overcrowding
Drug history, History of allergies

Answer 5

contacts with persons who may be sources of infections

exclusive breastfeeding

housing and ventilation/pollutions

Question 6

MAJOR CAUSES OF CHRONIC
COUGH in INFANTS

ANOMALIES
________________ cysts
________________ syndrome
__________________ syndrome
Pulmonary __________
_________________ syndrome
Subglottic stenosis Tracheo-esophageal fistula
Tracheomalacia
Vascular ring
Cystic fibrosis
Gastroesophageal fistula

Answer 6

Bronchogenic

Ciliary dyskinesis

Inominate artery tracheal

sequestration; Right middle lobe

Question 7

MAJOR CAUSES OF CHRONIC
COUGH in INFANTS

INFECTIONS
_________________
___________ virus
Pertussis, Pertussis like syndrome
___________________
_______________________ virus Tuberculosis
Ureaplasma urealyticum

Answer 7

Chlamydia trachomatis ; Cytomegalo

Pneumocystis carinii; Respiratory syncytialy

Question 8

Major causes of chronic cough in pre school age

RECURRENT ________ INFECTION
PTB
INHALED FB
_______________________/_________________
POLLUTANTS INCLUDING ___________________
_________________ LUNG DISEASE

Answer 8

URT

HYPER REACTIVE AIRWAYS/ASTHMA

PASSIVE CIGARETTE SMOKING

SUPPURATIVE

Question 9

Suppurative lung disease such as??

List 3

Answer 9

BRONCHIECTESIS
CILIARY DYSKINESIS SYNDROME
CF

Question 10

Added sounds: Continuous sounds

– Sibilant (___________ )
– Sonorous (_________)
• Stidor- obstruction in ____________, (high or low?) pitched, inspiratory

Answer 10

wheeze

Rhonchi; larynx; high

Question 11

Added sounds: Discontinuous sounds

________
Crackles (______)- high pitched, _________ sounds
– Fine
– Coarse
– *Atelectic crackles
– Pleural friction rub- ______ pitched _______ sound

Answer 11

Wheezes

Rales; bubbling

low; grating