New Zealand

Question 1

New Zealand - Key Themes

Answer 1

• Government Schemes
• Land/Opportunities
• Assisted/Philanthropic
• Transplanted Communities
• Trade

Question 2

New Zealand - Historical Context

Answer 2

• When; 1853-60, 21% 19th century immigrants, Harper
• How many; Consistently around 40,000 until 1930, 1800-1945 22% UK immigrants Scottish, BMH
• Who; Average young males, 23.5-26.4years old, majority to Otago in South, BMH

Question 3

New Zealand - Land/Opportunities

Answer 3

• John McKenzie 1860, 5 years work, buys 80 acre to farm, BMH
• “Folk from up, up and away in Orkney and the like went off to New Zealand to look after the sheep.” Alexander Walker, Elgin 1866, Wellington Shepherd BMH

Question 4

New Zealand - Trade

Answer 4

• “early interactions between Māori and European settlers centres on the trade in sealskin and agricultural produce.” BMH
• 1871, 10million sheep under European control, 30 per head Euro pop, economy dependent on UK market, Harper

Question 5

New Zealand - Transplanted Communities

Answer 5

• “Australia and New Zealand were each home to around 100 Caledonian societies alone.” BMH
• “An intrinsic element of the annual events calendar.” BMH
• 14% Otago place names Gaelic Origins, Dunedin, anglicised Gaelic Edinburgh (Dun Eadinn) BMH

Question 6

New Zealand - Assisted/Philanthropic

Answer 6

• “The Revd Norman McLeod brought a significant number of settlers to Waipu in New Zealand.” BMH
• “Twenty-seven groups, Sutherland, granted aid to facilitate travel, BMH
• Otago Caledonian Society, Dunedin, scholarships, small sums of relief

Question 7

New Zealand - Government Schemes

Answer 7

• 1874, 32,000/44,000 government assisted, Harper