New Zealand Flashcards
Who originally identified many of New Zealand’s modern wine regions (with the exception of Marlbourough) and educated growers on the merits of grafting vines onto disease-resistant American rootstock?
Romeo Bragato- an Austrain viticulturist from Victoria
Who is Romeo Bragato?
An Austrain viticulturist from Victoria who originally identified many of New Zealand’s modern wine regions (with the exception of Marlbourough) and educated growers on the merits of grafting vines onto disease-resistant American rootstock
What was “6 o’clock swill”?
An early closing hour for pubs instituted in both New Zealand and Australia during WWI (lasted until 1967 in New Zealand)
What was the most planted varietal in New Zealand in the 1960s?
Albany Surprise
When did wine shops of New Zealand legally begin selling wine?
1955
When did restaurants of New Zealand first gain the right to sell wine?
1960
When could a winery in New Zealand first gain the right to sell a glass of wine?
1976
When did the last ‘dry’ areas of New Zealand persist until?
1990s
When did New Zealand’s government sponsor a vine-pull scheme?
1986
What is Montana known for in New Zealand?
Being the country’s largest winery, establishing Marlborough’s first commercial vineyard in 1973, releasing the country’s first varietal wine (Gisborne Chard) and producing one of the first Sauv Blancs from Marlborough in 1979
What winery put Marlborough on the map? When did this winery launch?
Cloudy Bay; 1985
What is the worlds easternmost and southernmost winemaking country?
New Zealand
What mountain range runs through the South Island of New Zealand?
The Southern Alps
Which island of New Zealand is larger?
South Island
What is the southernmost wine region in the world?
Central Otago
What are the climatic differences between the North Island and the South Island?
The South Island sees a rain shadow effect from the Southern Alps whereas the North Island is less mountainous and generally much rainier
What is the New Zealand Winegrowers?
An organization formed in 2002 in which all of the producers from New Zealand are members. It was a joint initiative of the Grape Growers Council and the New Zealand Wine Institute
Who pioneered the Screwcap Initiative? When?
A group of New Zealand producers in 2001
Who was the first winery to release a New Zealand wine bottled with a screwcap?
Kim Crawford
What is the minimum for vintage or varietal if listed on a New Zealand label?
85% (Declaration of vintage and varietal is optional)
What is the minimum for region if stated on the label of a New Zealand wine?
It will eventually be 85%, but as of now the wine regions are unofficial
What is the northernmost (and smallest) area of production in New Zealand?
Northland
What is Waikato also known as?
Bay of Plenty
What are the most plated grapes of Auckland?
Chardonnay, Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon
What are the major wine regions of the North Island of New Zealand?
Northland, Auckland, Waikato/Bay of Plenty, Gisborne, Hawkes Bay and Wairarapa
What are the major wine regions of the South Island of New Zealand?
Nelson, Marlborough, Canterbury and Central Otago
Who now owns Montana?
It is under the Pernod Ricard NZ umbrella
What is the climate of Northland, Waikato and Auckland?
All three experience a moderate, rainy maritime climate. Rot and frost are the chief viticultural hazzards
What is the climate of Waiheke Island?
Sunny, dry climate, especially on the lower west side
Where is the bulk of North Island production concentrated?
Gisborne, Hawkes bay and Wairarapa
What is the second largest region of New Zealand?
Hawkes Bay
Which region on the North Island has the driest climate?
Hawkes Bay
What are the most planted grapes in Hawkes Bay?
Merlot, Cab Sauv, Pinot Noir, Cab Franc, Sauv Bland and Pinot Gris
What is Gimblett Gravels developing a reputation for?
Syrah and Bordeaux-style blends
What are the soils of Gimblett Gravels?
Deep shingle soils
What is Ngatarawa known for?
Merlot
What is Gisborne also known as?
Poverty Bay
What are the most poplar grapes of Gisborne?
Chard and Gewurz
What is the southernmost region on the North Island?
Wairarapa (Martinborough)
What is the region of Wairarapa officially named?
Wellington
What are the most successful grapes of Wairarapa?
Pinot Noir and Sauv Blanc
What is the northernmost region on the South Island?
Nelson
What is New Zealand’s sunniest wine producing region?
Nelson
What is the rainiest wine producing region on the South Island?
Nelson
What is the smallest wine producing region on the South Island?
Nelson
What are the most planted grapes of Nelson?
Chard, Sauv Blanc, Riesling and Pinot Noir
What is the most planted grape of Marlborough? What other grapes are planted?
Sauv Blanc; Pinot Noir, Chard, Pinot Gris and Riesling
What has Marlborough gained a reputation for outside of Sauvignon Blanc?
Traditional method sparkling wines
What is the general climate of Marlborough?
Cool nights with a dry, lengthy growing season
What is Waipara Valley known to produce?
Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Riesling and Sauv Blanc
What is the world’s most southernly region?
Central Otago
What is the only region in New Zealand to experience a true continental climate?
Central Otago
What wine region of New Zealand has the highest altitudes?
Central Otago
What is the most planted grape of Central Otago?
Pinot Noir
Who are the top producers of Central Otago?
Felton Road, Mt. Difficulty and Rippon
Where is Auckland?
North Island, NZ
What are the major grapes of Auckland?
Chard, Merlot, Syrah and Pinot Gris
What are the major natural features of Auckland?
Pacific Ocean and Waitakere Ranges
What are the wineries owned by Constellation NZ?
Nobilo, Monkey Bay and Kim Crawford
Where is Canterbury?
South Island, NZ
What are the sub regions of Canterbury?
Canterbury Plains and Waipara
Where is Canterbury Plains?
Canterbury, South Island, NZ
Where is Waipara?
Canterbury, South Island, NZ
What are the major grapes of Canterbury?
Sauv Blanc, Pinot Noir, Riesling, Pinot Gris and Chard
Where is Central Otago?
South Island, NZ
What are the sub regions of Central Otago?
Alexandra, Crowmwell Basin, Wanaka, Gibbston, Bannockburn and Bendigo
Where is Alexandra?
Central Otago, South Island, NZ
Where is Crowmwell Basin?
Central Otago, South Island, NZ
Where is Wanaka?
Central Otago, South Island, NZ
Where is Gibbston?
Central Otago, South Island, NZ
Where is Bannockburn?
Central Otago, South Island, NZ
Where is Bendigo?
Central Otago, South Island, NZ
What are the major grapes of Central Otago?
Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Riesling and Chard
Where is Gisborne?
North Island, NZ
What are the major grapes of Gisborne?
Chard, Pinot Gris, Gewurz, and Merlot
Where is Hawke’s Bay?
North Island, NZ
What are the major grapes of Hawke’s Bay?
Merlot, Cab Sauv, Cab Franc, Sauv Blanc, Chard, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir, Syrah
Where is Marlborough?
South Island, NZ
What are the major grapes of Marlborough?
Sauv Blanc, Pinot Noir, Chard, Pinot Gris, Riesling
Who are the major producers from Marlborough?
Allan Scott, Coudy bay, Fromm, Hunter’s, Saint Clair, Spy Valley
Where is Nelson?
South Island, NZ
What are the major grapes of Nelson?
Sauv Blanc, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris and Chard
Where is Northland?
North Island, NZ
What are the sub regions of Northland?
Kerikeri
Kairaia
Whangarei
Where is Kerikeri?
Northland, North Island, NZ
Where is Kaitaia
Northland, North Island, NZ
Where is Whangarei?
Northland, North Island, NZ
What are the major grapes of Northland?
Chard, Pinot Gris, Syrah, Merlot, Cab Sauv, and Pinotage
Where is Waikato/Bay of Plenty?
North Island, NZ
What are the major grapes of Waikato/Bay of Plenty?
Chard, Sauv Blanc, Cab Sauv
Where is Wairarapa?
North Island, NZ
What are the major grapes of Wairarapa?
Pinot Noir, Sauv Blanc, and Pinot Gris
Where is Martinborough?
Wairarapa, North Island, NZ
What is the southernmost region on the North Island? What is the well-known sub-region?
Wairarapa– Martinborough
What latitude is Central Otago at?
45th parallel
Who made Traditional Method Sparkling Wines reputable from Marlborough??
The same producers who made NZ SB a household name: Cloudy Bay, Kim Crawford, & Hunter’s
What portion of NZ’s wine is produced in Marlborough? Montana controls what portion of the vineyards there?
- Over half
- Nearly 2/3, through subsidiaries
What is required to use ‘Gimblett Gravels’ or ‘Gimblett Gravels Winegrowing District’ on a label?
It is a trademark of the Gimblett Gravels Winegrowers Association
The producer must:
-Be a member of the association
-Harvest grapes from a vineyard with 95% of the appellation’s defined soil characteristics
- Source 95% of the grapes from within the appellation
Any producer using the ‘Gimblett Gravels’ logo is subject to audit
What region is the largest producer of red wine in NZ?
Hawke’s Bay
What are the notable unofficial subregions of Hawke’s Bay? What are they known for?
- Gimblett Gravels- Syrah & Bdx blends
- Ngatarawa- Merlot
- Esk Valley
- Dartoor Valley
What was NZ’s first varietal wine?
Gisborne Chardonnay by Montana
What island had vines planted first?
North Island in 1819
Montana formed an alliance with which champagne house in 1988?
Deutz
When was Cloudy Bay established? By whom?
1985- David Hohnen of Cape Mentelle
What are the three subregions of Marlborough?
- Warau Valley (North)
- Southern Valley (Central)
- Awatare Valley (South)
What is the most exported brand in NZ?
Montana’s Lindauer brand sparkling wines
Who s James Busby?
- A British Minister
- Involved in early viticultural efforts in NZ
- Planted a small vineyard of Franch and Spanish cuttings on his estate in Northland
- He wrote 3 documents on viticulture before penning NZ’s seminal political docs
What is the fastest growing region in NZ? Why?
Cantebury- the success of the Waipara Valley subregion
What are the best known subregions of Central Otago?
- Wanaka
- Gibbston
- Alexandra
- Crownwell Basin
Climate of NZ’s North Island?
Comparable to Bordeaux, Maritime
Min % of region, varietal, and vintage listed on the label?
Regions are not legally defined
Varietal & Vintage - 85%
Name 3 Traditional Method producers from NZ?
Cloudy Bay “Pelorus”
Mumm Marlborough “Brut NV, Brut Rose 2015”
Deutz “Marlborough Cuvee”
List the unofficial subzones of Marlborough N-S:
Wairu Valley
Southern Valley
Awatere
Name 3 types of Marlborough soil:
Alluvial
Stony grave-based soil
Sandy-loam
Clay
Name 3 producers of repute from Central Otago:
Mt Difficulty
Rippon
Perigrine
Burn Cottage
Felton Road (Pioneer)
Name 3 subzones of Central Otago?
Cromwell Basin
Alexandra
Bannockburn (only GI, 2022)
Gibbston
Wanaka
Only continental climate in NZ?
Central Otago, continental
- everywhere else is marime
What is the name of the mountain range that creates a rainshadow effect for NZ?
Southern Alps
south island of NZ
Confusing W’s: Waikato
Waikato - Bay of Plenty
Confusing W’s: Waitaki Valley
North Otago GI
Confusing W’s: Wairarapa
Martinborough is a sub-GI of Wairarapa
Confusing W’s: Wanaka
unofficial subzone of Central Otago
Confusing W’s: Wairu Valley
Unofficial subzone of Marlborough
Confusing W’s: Waipara Valley
sub GI of Canterbury
Confusing W’s: Waiheke Island
subregion of Auckland
This region’s geology resulted from a 1867 earthquake that changed the course of the Ngaruroro River:
Gimblett Gravels
What is the name of the gravel (compacted sand) of Gimblett Gravels?
Greywacke
What grape crossing dominated 1/3 of NZ’s plantings in the 90’s?
Muller-Thurgau
Prior to founding Cloudy Bay, what winery did David Hohnen found in Australia?
Cape Mentelle, Margaret River
What Waiheke Island producer makes the country’s single most expensive bottling?
Destiny Bay “Magna Praemia”
What body of water separate the North and South island?
Cook Strait
Another name for Pernod Ricard in NZ?
Brancott or Montana
Latitudes for NZ winegrowing N and S?
35-45 degrees
Translation for the Maori word “Wai”?
Water
What GI grows almost half of the country’s PN?
Marlborough
Name an example of an oaked NZ SB?
Cloudy Bay “Te Koko”
Grewaycke “Wild Sauvignon Blanc”
Te Pa “Oke”
Wairarapa’s alluvial terraces were formed by which river?
Ruamahanga River
Bendigo and Cromwell Basin are sub-regions of which GI?
Central Otago
Where are the Glasnevin Gravels?
Waipara Valley
- poor free-draining river gravels
Which Ameriacan wine-maker is involved in Burn Cottage wines?
Ted Lemon (Littorai)
Where is Masterson located?
Wairarapa
Where in NZ can you find Gewurtztraminer?
Gisbourne/Patutaki
Where is the rainiest region on the South Island?
Nelson
What is Kawaru Gorge?
Major river in Central Otago
Who are the top four producers of sparkling wine in Marlborough?
Cloudy Bay
Kim Crawford
Hunters
Lindauer
What’s notable about NZ/’s price per bottle?
average price is higher than anywhere else in the world
Which sub-region of Hawke’s Bay is known for Merlot?
Ngatarawa
Oldest winery in NZ?
Mission Estate, Hawke’s Bay 1851
Where did the Gumboat Clone orginate from?
A specific strain of PN from a single DRC cutting, smuggled into NZ in 1970’s
How many GI’s are there in NZ?
22
Three most general GI’s of NZ?
New Zealand GI
North Island GI
South Island GI
GI’s of the North Island?
Northland GI
Auckland GI (includes Matabana, Kumeu, Waiheke Island)
Gisbourne GI
Hawke’s Bay (inludes Central Hawke’s Bay)
Wairarapa GI (includes Gladstone, Martinborough)
GI’s of the South Island (9)
South Island GI
Nelson GI
Marlborough GI
Canterbury GI (+ N Caterbury, Waipara Valley, Waipara)
Waitaki North Otago/Waitaki Valley GI
Central Otago (+ Bannockburn)
How many hectares of vines are planted in NZ?
over 37,000
First varietal wine out of NZ?
Gisbourne Chardonnay 1979
What year did Cloudy Bay launch?
1985
Most-planted varietal in NZ in the 1960’s?
Albany Surprise
What year was the govt scheme to replace table grapes?
1986
Main mountain range of the North Island (in Auckland)?
Waitakere
Martinborough GI is located in what broader GI?
Wairarapa (North Island)
Major producers of Martinborough?
Alta Rangi
Devotus
Tirohana Estate
Poppies
Dry River
Palliser
Luna
Martinborough Vineyard
Main grape of Hawke’s Bay?
Merlot
Major geographical feature of Nelson?
Tasman Mountains
South Island’s capital?
Canterbury
First wine production in NZ accredited to:
James Busby, Northland 1830’s
Main soil type/grapes of Waitaki North Otago GI (South Island)
Waitakian Limestone
PN, Pinot Gris, SB
Main grape of Nelson (South Island)
SB
Main grape of Waikato/Bay of Plenty (North Island, NOT a GI)
Cabernet Sauvignon
main white is Chard and SB
Where is Kumeu River?
Auckland, Chardonnay
What previous subregion of Gisbourne (North Island) is gaining note for SB and Pinot Gris?
Okao GI, North Island
Gimblett Gravels?
2000 acres of deep, gravelly, warm shingle, saw a land grab in the 90’s
Main grape of Auckland?
Chardonnay
Main grape of Canterbury (South Island)?
Sauv Blanc
Main grape of Wairarapa (North Island)?
Pinot Noir
What important winery is associated w/ the Ngatarawa Triangle?
Bridge Pa (Hawke’s Bay)
Sub-regions of Central Otago?
Bannockburn GI
- Cromwell Basin, Gibbston, Wanaka, Bendigo, Alexandra Basin
Major natural features of Hawke’s Bay?
Heretaunga Plains
Hawkes Bay
Ngaruoro River
Tutituki River
Major producer’s of Hawke’s Bay?
Bridge Pa
Craggy Range
Esk Valley Estate
Ngatarawa
Sacred Hill
Sileni
Te Mata
Trinity Hill
Climate of Auckland?
Maritime (rainy)
Gisbourne GI is known as:
Poverty Bay
Most-planted grape of Gisbourne?
Chardonnay
Sub-regions of Marlborough?
Wairau Valley
Central Southern Valleys
Awatere Valley (most southern)
Climate of Central Otago?
Continental
Ideal aspect/exposure plating for Central Otago?
Northern
Subsidiary wineries of Montana?
Brancott
Fairhall
Most exported wines of NZ?
Montana’s Lindauer brand
What Champagne house did Montana partner with in 1988?
Deutz
Major geographical features of Central Otago?
Southern Alps
Lake Wanaka
Waitaki River
First vines in NZ (not commercial)?
1819 Northland, formerly Kerikeri
Capital city of ALL of NZ located in Wairarapa (NI)?
Wellington (also name of entire Wairarapa region sometimes)
Sunniest and rainiest region of the South Island?
Nelson
What former sub-region of Canterbury (South Island) has the most vineyards?
Waipara Valley GI
Sauvignon Blanc accounts for ____% of total vineyard area in NZ?
60%
What NZ producer was purchased by Pernod Ricard?
Brancott Estate, 2005
Missionary who first brought plantings to NZ?
Samuel Marsden
Four soil groups of Marlborough?
Central Wairau silt loams
Inland Wairau loams
Southern Valley’s clays
Awatere Matrix (complex)
Coastal Wairau Silt Loam sub-regions:
Lower Wairau
Dillons Point
Inland Wairau Loams sub-regions:
Upper Wairau
Rarangi
Southern Valley’s Clay’s Sub-regions:
Waikopai
Omaka
Brancott
Ben Morven
Taylor Pass
What mountain range divides Marlborough and Nelson?
Richmond Range
Major geographical features of Marlborough?
Richmond Range
Wither Hill Range
Kaikoma Ranges
Wairau River
Awatere River
Major producers of Marlborough GI?
Cloudy Bay
Fromm
Hunters
Saint Clair
Spy Valley
Allan Scott
Marlborough hectares under vine:
26,000 ha
Second most-planted grape in Marlborough?
Pinot Noir
What year was the screw-cap initiative created?
2001
What year was the GI registration act passed?
2006
Updated in 2017
Sub-regions of Waikato/Bay of Plenty (NOT a GI):
Te Kauwhata
Te Awamutu
Coromandel Peninsula
Lake Taupo
Hamiliton
Rotorua
Major producers of Waikato/Bay of Plenty:
Morton Estate
Villagrad
Maori people are concentrated on which island?
North
Who planted the first NZ SB?
Ross Speace, Auckland 1974
What is 3MH?
3-mercaptohexanol
- passionfruit/gooseberry
- sweaty/herbaciousness
- distinction to NZ’s style
What is IBMP?
Isobutyl methoxypyrazine
- green-tasting notes in SB
What were the first clones of PN?
Swiss Clone
10/5 ten bar five
Who famously claims to have “gumboot clones” of PN from DRC?
Ata Rangi, Martinborough
What French producer is helping to make “Prophet’s Rock” in Central Otago?
Francois Millet/Domaine Comte Georges de Vogue
- PN
Original Syrah clone of Hawke’s Bay?
MS clone or “Limmer”
Cabernet producers of Hawke’s Bay?
Villa Maria’s “Ngakirikiri”
Destiny Bay’s “Magna Praemia”
Stonyridge’s “Larose”
What is the gulf surround Waikeke Island?
Hauraki Gulf
Producers of Waikeke Island?
Man o War
Gisbourne Producers:
Matawhero
Millton (biodynamic)
Vinoptima (premium gewurtz)
Oldest wine estate in NZ?
Mission Estate, Hawke’s Bay
founded in 1851 by Marist priests
Main village of Hawke’s Bay?
Te Awanga
Where are most of Hawke’s Bay’s vineyards planted?
Heretaunga Plains, west of the city of Hastings
When was Gimblett Gravel’s first planted?
1981
Maori name for Marlborough:
Kei puta te Wairau
“the place with the hole in the cloud”
Climate difference between Wairau and Atawere Valleys in Marlborough?
Awatere is cooler/windier
Wairau has less exposure to coastal winds
“Methode Marlborough”
Group created to promote quality sparkling in 2013
- must use main 3 grapes
- must spend 18 months on the lees
What are the two wine-producing regions of Nelson?
Waimea Plains
Moutere Hills
Latitude of Central Otago?
45
Moderating lake of Central Otago?
Lake Dunston
- influences Bannockburn GI, Bendigo, Cromwell, Lowburn
New Zealand’s smallest GI?
Waitaki Valley North Otago (60 ha)
Coolest sub-region of Central Otago?
Gibbston
- closest to urban center of Queenstown
Main river of Central Otago?
Clutha
First NZ SB under screwcap?
Kim Crawford
Who owns Kim Crawford?
Constellation brands
“Gimblett Gravels” on the label requires:
95% form vineyard with appellations, defined soil characteristics
Gimblett Gravel’s signature soil was revealed when ___
the Ngaruroro River changed course in 1867
Pegasus Bay is adjacent to:
Waipara Valley GI in North Canterbury
Producers of Canterbury:
Pegasus Bay
Pyramid Valley
Mud House
Giesen
Major producers of Auckland:
Kim Crawford
Nobilo
Monby Bay
Kumeu River
Matua Valley
Babich
Pleasant Valley
Cable Bay
Stonyridge
Villa Maria
Top sparkling wine of Cloudy Bay?
“Pelorus”
Sub-regions of Wairarapa:
Martinborough GI
Masterson
Gladstone GI
Sub-regions of Gisbourne GI:
Golden Slope
Ormond
Ormond Valley
Manutuke
Central Valley
Riverpoint
Patutaki
Patutaki Plateau
Waipra
What sub-region of Auckland has the driest climate?
Waikeke Island GI
Chief viticultural hazard in Matakana GI (Auckland)
Mildew and Rot
New Zealand’s largest city?
Auckland
Auckland’s production accounts for ___% of NZ total
1%
Where is Dartmoor Valley?
Hawke’s Bay GI
The first vines in the world to see the sun every day?
Gisbourne GI
Basic soil-type in Marlborough:
Sandy alluvial loam topsoil
over gravel
excellent drainage, limits vigot
Winemaking on this peninsula dates back to the 1840’s:
Banks Peninsula
historic sub-region, not official
New Zealand’s fastest growing wine-region?
Canterbury
- success of Northern subregion Waipara Valley (now a GI)
What geographical feature separates Nelson and Marlborough?
The Kaikoura Ranges
