New World Flashcards
Climate of New Zealand
Cool maritime + continental
Describe a typical New Zealand sparkling wine
- Medium int of apple lemon with toasty autolytic notes
- High acidity and brut
- Good to very good in quality
Two common methods of making sparkling wines in New Zealand
- Traditional method - Malborough & Central Otago
- Carbonation - high-volume inexpensive wines
Describe a typical carbonated New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc.
- Med+ int primary green bell pepper & passion fruit with no autolytic character
- High acidity & med(-) length
Ratio of domestic consumption vs export for Australia sparkling wines
4:1
Five key tradtional method sparkling regions in Australia
- Tasmania
- Yarra Valley
- Adelaide Hills
- Alpine regions of Victoria
- New South Wale high altitude sites
Three regions for growing fruits for inexpensive sparkling wines
- Riverland
- Riverina
- Murray-Darling
Under the GI South Eastern Australia
Three regions for sparkling shiraz
- Victoria
- Barossa Valley
- McLaren Vale
All with warm climate which gives the regions richness & intensity of flavours
Late disgoged in Australia
- Traditional method only
- Similar to logic to recently disgorged in Champagne
- Led by producers such as Jansz & Arras
Describe a typical Australia sparkling Shiraz
- Med- to med acidity, med to high alc, med but ripe soft tannins
- Can have more than 20g/L RS
- Medium to full bodied
- Med to pronounced intensity of fruits and savoury complexity
- Outstanding examples made using the traditional method
Sparkling Moscato
- Growing category, especially pink Moscato
- Carbonation for mass market
- Tank method for boutique producers
- Low in alc with medium acidity, off-dry to sweet
- Acceptable to good quailty
Australia Prosecco
- King Valley prominent region
- Still tank method
- Med (+) acidity, med alc, light to medium body
- Delicate white peach flavours
- Off-dry or medium-dry
Cap classique
South African traditional method
Describe a typical Cap Classique wine
- Med+ acidity, med alcohol
- Ripe apple & citrus fruit with varying degree of autolytic flavours
- Good to very good
- Mid to premium-priced
Four grape varieties used in Cap Classique
- Chardonnay
- Pinot Noir
- Chenin Blanc
- Pinotage
Other varieties used in South African carbonated wine
- Sauvignon Blanc
- Muscat
- Pinotage
Often made in the off-dry to sweet style
Two different export markets for South African sparkling wines
- Inexpensive - sub-Saharan Africa, especially Angola, Mozambique & Nigeria
- Premium - West Europe
Founded in _____, the association of growers and producers for Methode Cap Classique is responsible for the production of over _____% of bottle-fermented sparkling wine in South Africa
Founded in 1992
Control over 90%
Requirement for using the trademark of MCC
- Must undergo a second fermentation in the same bottle
- Min 3 bar pressure post-disgorgement
- Min 12mo on lees (since 2020)
Requirement for using the trademark of MCC
- Must undergo a second fermentation in the same bottle
- Min 3 bar pressure post-disgorgement
- Min 12mo on lees (since 2020)
Key areas for growing fruits for MCC
- Robertson
- Stellenbosch
- Paarl
- Darling
- Tulbagh
- Bonnievale (in the Breede River Valley region)
Only Robertson and Bonnievale have limestone soil - ideal for growing MCC fruits, as well as cooling breezes from Cape Agulhas
Moderating influences for MCC fruits
- Narrow valley making it slower to warm up in the morning
- Ocean breeze from Cape Agulhas
- Planting on slopes for higher diurnal range
Some major MCC producers
- Villiera
- Graham Beck (exports 50% of its production)
Key regions for sparkling wine production in Argentina
- Mendoza - Lujan de Cuyo & Uco Valley for high qual fruits
- Neuquen (Patagonia) - extremely high altitude
- Rio Negro (Patagonia) - extremely high altitude
- San Juan
Two categories of sparkling wines made in Argentina
- Tank method - fruity and off-dry to medium-dry, acceptable to good qual
- Traditional method - ripe apple and lemon fruit with light autolytic notes, brut, good to v good qual
Six varieties used in sparkling wine production in Argentina
- Pedro Gimenez
- Chardonnay
- Chenin Blanc
- Pinot Noir
- Ugni Blanc
- Semillon
Describe a typical Argentinean sparkling wine made using traditional method
- Ripe apple and lemon, autolytic notes from 12mo of lees ageing
- Med to med+ acidity, med body and med alcohol
Ratio between domestic consumption and export for Argentinean sparkling wine
Almost all consumed locally
Key regions for Chilean sparkling wines and their moderating influences
- Casablanca - cooled by the Humboldt Current
- San Antonio in Leyda - cooled by the Humboldt Current
- Limari - cooled by the Humboldt Current
- Curico - cooled by the Humboldt Current if seaside
- Bio Bio - southerly latitude, with ocean breezes
- Itata - for Moscatel/Mustca and Pais
- Maule - for Moscatel/Mustca and Pais
Tank method account for _____% of Chilean Sparkling wine production.
90% made using tank method
Founding house for modern sparkling winemaking in the United States
Schramsberg made Blanc de Blancs Brut in 1965
Three common styles for US sparkling wines
- Traditional
- Tank
- Pet Nat
Describe a typcial US sparkling wine.
- Typically brut
- Medium int of ripe apple and lemon with autolytic notes
- Medium+ acidity
Most of US sparkling wines are from….
Califorinia
Cooling influences for successful sparkling winemaking in coastal California.
- Cool ocean breezes
- Fog rising from the sea slowing down the ripening process
- Planting on river valley slopes
Eight varieties used for making sparkling wines in the US
- Chardonnay
- Pinot Noir
- Pinot Gris
- Pinot Blanc
- Sauvignon Blanc
- Viognier
- Syrah
- Tempranillo
3- 8 often used for the tank method
Eight key locations for sparkling wine production in the California
- Anderson Valley - Mendocino County
- Russian River Valley - Sonoma County
- Caneros - Sonoma & Napa counties
- Napa Valley - Napa County
- Monterey - Monterey County
- Edna Valley & Arroyo Grande - San Luis Obispo County
- Santa Maria Valley & Sta Rita Hills - Santa Barbara County
- Lodi - San Joaquin County
_____ and _____ State also makes sparkling wines other than California.
Oregon and Washington State
Anderson Valley
- Mendocino County
- Cool ocean breezes and fog moderate
- Wide diurnal range
- Home to Roederer Estate
- Can source grapes grown outside of the region
Russian River Valley
- Sonoma County
- Cool ocean breezes and fog moderate
- The Petaluma Gap
- Home to sparkling pioneer Korbel
Caneros
- In both Sonoma and Napa county AVAs
- Cool ocean breezes and fog moderate
- San Pablo Bay
- Home to Gloria Ferrer under Freixenet & Domaine Caneros under Tattinger
Napa Valley
- Too hot to grow but sources grapes from cooler sites in California
- Pioneer Schramsberg is still based here
Edna Valley & Arroyo Grande
- San Luis Obispo County
- Cool ocean breezes and fog moderate
Santa Maria Valley & Santa Rita Hills
- Santa Barbara County
- Cool ocean breezes and fog moderate
- East-west running Santa Maria Valley & Santa Ynez Valley channel cool air
Lodi
- Too warm for traditional method grapes
- Source of bulk grapes for tank method and flavoured sparkling wines
Washington State
- Home to Chateau Ste Michelle
- Blends of Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Meunier
- Some interesting Blanc de Blancs and Blanc de Noirs as well
- Single varietal bubblies including Muller Thurgau, Riesling and Gewurztraminer
Oregon
- Especially Willamette Valley
- Home to the pioneer sparkling wine specialist Argyle
Two specialist custom crush for sparkling wines in California
- Rack & Riddle in Sonoma
- Brut Custom Crush in Napa
