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WSET D4 > Grapes > Flashcards

Grapes Flashcards

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1
Q

Chardonnay is _____ budding.

A

Early

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2
Q

Why do Chardonnay react well to lees ageing?

A

Its subtle apple and citrus aromas and flavours compliment well with the biscuit and pastry characteristics from yeast autolysis. It also becomes creamy having gone through bottle ageing.

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3
Q

Chardonnay is ______ ripening.

A

Early

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4
Q

What does Chardonnay bring to the blend

A

Apple, citrus and high acidity

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5
Q

Chardonnay is susceptible to

A
  1. Spring fosts
  2. Coulure
  3. Millerandage
  4. Powdery mildew
  5. Grapevine yellows
  6. Botrytis bunch rot
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6
Q

How would you describe Chardonnay’s yield?

A

Can be high without losing quality. Combined with its world fame, Chardonnay is an attractive option for growers.

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7
Q

Pinot Noir is an ______ budding and ______ ripening variety.

A

Early, early

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8
Q

Pinot Noir is susceptible to

A
  1. Spring frosts
  2. Coulure
  3. Botrytis bunch rot
  4. Downy mildew, especially
  5. Powdery mildew
  6. Fan leaf
  7. Leaf roll
    Welp essentially all kinds of diseases as its skin is thin and bunch tight
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9
Q

What does Pinot Noir bring to the blend

A

Body and red fruits - strawberry, cranberry and yellow cherry

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10
Q

Meunier is an ______ budding and ______ ripening variety.

A
  • Early budding, but later than Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
  • Early ripening, couple weeks earlier than Chardonnay and Pinot Noir
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11
Q

Meunier likes ______ soil.

A

Heavier, more clay

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12
Q

Hazards for Meunier vineyards

A

Botrytis especially

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13
Q

Taille Chablis

A
  • Found in Champagne
  • Spur pruning
  • Large proportion of permanent wood to protect against frosts
  • 3-4 cordons, max 5
  • Each cordon one spur of up to 5 buds
  • Best for Chardonnay, which can have high yield without losing quality
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14
Q

Cordon du Royat

A
  • Found in Champagne
  • Spur pruning
  • Single Cordon with VSP
  • Widely used for Pinot Noir and Meunier for its good air circulation
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15
Q

Guyot

A
  • Found in Champagne, Prosecco (flat land), Asti, Trentodoc, England
  • Replacement cane system with VSP
  • Allowed in less-rated vineyards in Champagne for all three varieties, single and double Guyot both ok
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16
Q

Vallee de la Marne (pruning method)

A
  • Found in Champagne
  • Replacement cane system with VSP
  • Similar to Guyot but with more buds
  • Increasingly less popular
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17
Q

Pinot Blanc is ______ budding.

A

Early budding

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18
Q

Macabeo is known as ______ in Rioja

A

Viura

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19
Q

Macabeo is susceptible to…

A
  1. Botrytis bunch rot
  2. Bacterial blight (associated with warm moist conditions, reduces yield ad not cure)
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20
Q

Macabeo contributes to the blend…

A
  1. Apple and lemon
  2. Volume, because it’s high yield
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21
Q

Xarel-lo is ____ budding and _____ ripening.

A

Mid-budding, and there prone to spring frosts
Mid-ripening

22
Q

Macabeo is _____ budding and _______ ripening.

A
  • Late budding, early ripening
  • Often picked first
23
Q

Parellada is often planted in _____ altitude sites in ______.

A

High altitude sites in Penedes

24
Q

Parellada is _____ budding and _____ ripening.

A

Early budding, therefore prone to spring frost
Late ripening

25
Q

Rank the three indigenous white grapes for Cava by yield

A

Macabeo > Xarel-lo > Parellada

26
Q

Parellada adds ______ notes to the blend

A

Finesse and floral notes

27
Q

Parellada is susceptible to…

A
  1. Spring frost because it’s early budding
  2. Powdery mildew
28
Q

Xarel-lo contributes _____ to the blend.

A
  • Greengage, gooseberry and fennel/herbal notes
  • Also reacts to yeast autolysis with a smokiness
  • Earthiness if over-ripe
29
Q

Trepat has ______ flavours and _____ acidity.

A

Strawberry, high acidity

30
Q

Two major types of pruning for Cava grapes

A
  1. Traditional bush vines
  2. Single/double cordon
31
Q

Some typical rootstock seen in the Loire

A

Fercal & Riparia Gloire de Montepellier, to protect vines from chlorosis

32
Q

Rootstock for Cava production are chosen to….

A
  1. Prevent chlorosis, with high-lime tolerance like Riparia Gloire
  2. Control vigour of Macabeo,
33
Q

Gluconic acid value testing

A

Indicator of botrytis in grapes
Important because the presence of botrytis can impeded flocculation and lower wine stability

34
Q

Glera has ______ yelds.

A

VERY high yield - v vigorous

35
Q

Glera is susceptible to….

A
  1. Millerandage
  2. Powdery and downy mildew
  3. Drought in summer
  4. Grapevine yellowing
36
Q

The _____ buds of Glera do not bear much fruit

A

First two buds of Glera do not bear much fruit - therefore must be trained long, typically on vertically trellised systems of 8-12 buds

37
Q

Sylvoz

A
  • Used for Prosecco and Asti
  • High cordon system
  • Shoots handing downwards
  • Aim is for high yields
  • Benefits: inexpensive to establish, minimises winter pruning, suitable for machine harvesting
  • Requires careful monitoring to avoid excessive shading
38
Q

Double arched cane

A
  • Used for Glera in Prosecco, common for hillside sites of DOCG
  • Replacement cane pruning, where canes are grained to arches
  • Can improve even growth and fruitfulness
  • Reduces fungal diseases by increasing ventilation
  • Can increase the quality of fruit
39
Q

Ciglione

A

Grassy bank for Glera planting on hilly sites in Prosecco DOCG

40
Q

Moscato Bianco

A

Italian name for Muscat Blanc a Petit Grains

41
Q

Muscat is ______budding _____ mid ripening.

A

Early budding, mid ripening

42
Q

Muscat is a _____ variety with _____ berry size.

A

Aromatic variety with small berry size

43
Q

Muscat is prone….

A
  • Powdery mildew
  • Botrytis bunch rot
  • Insects attacks (bees, wasp, flying ants)
44
Q

Most fragrant Muscat is grown on _____ soil.

A

Limestone soils, but now widely grown even on clay soils

45
Q

Three varieties of Lambrusco used for sparkling reds

A
  1. Lambrusco Salamino - most common
  2. Lambrusco Grasparossa - mainly on hillsides
  3. Lambrusco di Sorbara - has its own DOC
46
Q

Lambrusco Salamino

A
  • Most widely planted
  • Adds fragrance, colour, body and acidity
  • Mostly blended
  • Has its own DOC - Lambrusco Salamino di Santo Croce
47
Q

Lambrusco Grasparossa

A
  • Most grown on hillside
  • Does best clay and silt
  • Adds colour, body and tannins
  • Has its own DOC - Lambrusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro
48
Q

Lambrusco di Sorbara

A
  • Often makes pale, lighter body wine with high acidity
  • Has its own DOC - Lambrusco di Sorbara DOC
49
Q

Two main vine training systems used in Trentodoc

A
  1. Guyot on sloping vineyards
  2. Pergola system on steeper, terraced vineyards
50
Q

Riesling develops a _____ note when it undergoes lengthy yeast autolysis.

A

Smoky note

51
Q

Clay soil is good for sparkling wine grapes because

A
  • Gives lower acidity and more pronounced fruit
  • Gives more finesse
  • Leaner body
52
Q

Pedro Gimenez

A
  • Used for sparkling production in Argentina
  • In the Criolla group
  • Originally brought over by the Spanish Portuguese soldiers & explorers
  • Not related to the Spanish Pedro Ximenez

WSET D4 (5 decks)

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