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New Testament Survey > New Testament Survey Terms > Flashcards

New Testament Survey Terms Flashcards

1
Q

God-Fearers

A

members of the non-Jewish community drawn to Judaism

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2
Q

Hellenist

A

Stephen was more of a Hellenists; realized the importance of prophetic figures.

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3
Q

Historical Anachronism

A

Things or people that happen or appear in the incorrect historical or chronological time.

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4
Q

Eschatological Theology

A

A subject refers to how do people understand the end of the world to be coming.

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5
Q

Philo

A

from a Hellenized Jewish family; tried to integrate philosophy with biblical principles both directly and through allegorical interpretation
of the Bible

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6
Q

Epicureans

A

a philosophy designed to free people from fears and superstitions; believed gods have nothing to do with human existence

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7
Q

Parakletos

A

Literally “the One called alongside,” is a personal designation picturing a Spirit called in after Jesus’ departure as “advocate” to
defend Christians and “consoler” to comfort them.

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8
Q

Euaggelion

A

“good announcement”, “gospel”. It does not refer to a book or writing but to a proclamation or message.

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9
Q

Parousia

A

the second coming of God

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10
Q

Koinonia

A

the practice of community as seen in the early church of acts

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11
Q

Messianic Secret

A

often in the gospel of Mark, Jesus is telling the disciples not to tell other people when he performs miracles. Understanding and
secrecy is a key theme in Mark that conveys that the Kingdom of God is complex and that understanding can only be granted in the Cross

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12
Q

Markan Sandwich

A

Markan sandwiches stories in the gospel to add more meaning and shed interpretive light (or conceal) on each of the stories. An
example is of Jesus stopping in the middle of his way to heal Jairus’s daughter to stop and talk to the hemorrhaging woman who touched his cloak and
was healed.

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13
Q

Polyphonic

A

multiple perspectives that come from different characters, sometimes in direct opposition to one another (found in Gospel of Luke)

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14
Q

Stoics

A

believe in the gods, but are most concerned with proper living. They seek independent actions and thoughts, and restraining passion so that
reason can be improved. Emphasis on duty to emperor, the gods, and the household.

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15
Q

Cynics

A

These stem from another disciple of Socrates but one who disagree with Plato. Behavior rather than abstract thought characterized the Cynic
outlook, specifically frugality and a return to nature, rejecting artificial conventions.

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16
Q

Zealots

A

The Zealots objected to Roman rule and violently sought to eradicate it by generally targeting Romans and Greeks. Zealots who engaged in
violence against other Jews were called the Sicarii. They raided Jewish habitations and killed Jews.

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17
Q

Philo of Alexandria

A

c. 20BCE - 50CE Hellenistic Jewish philosopher in Alexandria Egypt during the Roman Empire. He explained Judaism to the
Hellenistic culture through philosophical allegory.

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18
Q

Roman Imperial Theology

A

Incarnation of God through Emperor

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19
Q

Jamnia

A

location of rabbinic school in the post-Temple era. The rabbis located here were thought of as the spokespeople for the Jewish people.

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20
Q

Jerusalem Conference (Council)

A

Acts 15 meeting to debate whether or not male Gentiles who were converting to become followers of Jesus were required
to become circumcised

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21
Q

Proselytes

A

Gentiles that were drawn to Judaism and became Jewish people

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22
Q

Two Source Theory

A

Mark was the first, Mathew and Luke borrowed from Mark and Q

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23
Q

Exousia

A

The Matthean Jesus teaches with exousia: divine power and authority (Brown, p.178).

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24
Q

“Son of God”

A

A major Matthean motif. The Matthean christological sequence pertaining to divine sonship runs from the angelic announcement
(1:20), God’s revelation (2:15), the voice at baptism (3:17), disciple’s recognition (14:33) and culminating with Peter’s confession (16:16).

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25
Q

Fulfillment Citations

A

In 14 instances where Matthew cites the OT, the passage is accompanied by the formula: “all this took place to fulfill what
the Lord had spoken through the prophet”. This was used by Matthew to inform Christian leaders in settled Christian communities and to give support
to their faith.

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26
Q

The Casuistic Approach to Law

A

A love for Jewish law that did not show up in thought or behavior. This is what is criticized by Matthew, who uses the
scribes and Pharisees as prime examples of this.

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27
Q

Double Tradition

A

nonMarcan material that Matthew and Luke have in common, explained by the Q source by most scholars (Brown, p.116), and used as
part of the Two-Source Theory.

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28
Q

Domusâ€

A

a house for wealthy people in which the door was open and life was public. As a result, when early Christians gathered in the triclinium for a meal, outsiders could see if the rich were seated with the poor, making the Eucharist a visible and perhaps even dangerous activity.

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29
Q

Pharisees—

A

a sect of Judaism whose adherents were known for their exegetical expertise, stewardship of oral traditions and customs, concern with table fellowship, and anticipation of the apocalypse. Jesus may have been a Pharisee.

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30
Q

Midrash

A

a Hebrew term for the body of homiletic stories told by Jewish rabbinic sages to explain passages in the Bible.

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31
Q

Davidic Messiah

A

David’s descendent will reign after him.God will treat him as a son.That promise was provoked by David’s desire to build a temple
for God.

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32
Q

Q Source

A

thought to be a lost collection of Jesus’ sayings that influenced and are shared in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, but not Mark.

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33
Q

Sophists

A

philosophers who went from city to city teaching for free. They emphasized material success and were able to argue any viewpoint, whether
true or not.

34
Q

Replacement

A

heme in Gospel of John where Jesus takes something familiar to Jewish tradition and transforms it. For instance, taking the water of the purification jars in John 2 and transforming it into wine, which is symbolic of the blood of Christ purifying sins.

35
Q

Ego Eimi

A

Greek for “I am”. Jesus frequently used this term to describe himself, making him equal to God. This was a source of much hostility
between Jesus and the Jews, who saw Jesus’ ego eimi sayings as blasphemous, and later saw the Johannine community’s worship of Jesus as violating the
monotheistic principal of worshiping Yahweh alone

36
Q

Synoptic Problem

A

Each of the three gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke) gives their own account of what happened which changes the importance of the
message to the Jewish and Gentile communities to which each Gospel was written separately.

37
Q

Four Source Theory

A

There are also M & L sources that Matthew and Luke only used, respectively. This is in addition to Mark and Q

38
Q

Engidzo

A

is the Greek word means “ draw near” or “ approach”. Jesus uses this word (tearm) with great frequency to approaching the Kingdom in the Gospels.

39
Q

Tosepta

A

Addition. Companion volume to the Mishna. Written by 3rd century sages. It is a “collection of laws and comments” mainly dated to the 3rd or 4th century CE… 4 times size of the Mishna.

40
Q

Roman Centurion

A

a commanding officer of a company of 100 men/soldiers

41
Q

Sadducees

A

a Jewish sect which emerged during the Maccabean times, becoming identified with the Hellenized aristocracy and remaining identified with the Jerusalem Temple when others turned away.

42
Q

Gnosis

A

means knowledge in Greek and is the root of Gnosticism

43
Q

Gnosticism

A

a sect of a given religion which eschews the physical world in search of a higher, more spiritual realm.

44
Q

Roman Domus

A

one of the house types most people would have lived in during this period of time in the Roman Empire. Door only closes when
the master of the house dies. There is an atrium for business, and shops to sell goods he makes. The paterfamilias is the head of the household.

45
Q

Magnificat

A

A song of praise that appears in Luke 1, and is often attributed to Mary (though it could have been sung by Elizabeth - and many earlier
versions read as such).

46
Q

Dispora

A

It literally means “scattering dispersion”. It is the movement and migration of Jewish people from their established home land.

47
Q

Parousia

A

It is from Greek. Literally it means to be present. In the Christian theology parousia signifies the second coming of Jesus as a Judge in the eschaton.

48
Q

Myth of Redemptive Violence

A

violence can restore what is lost by violence (when I get honor I get it at your expense)

49
Q

Myth of Scarcity

A

there is a fixed amount of money, honor and land in the universe

50
Q

Canonical Criticism

A

Critical examination of Scripture in light of the OT and NT.

51
Q

Social Criticism

A

Studies the text as a reflection of and a response to the social and cultural settings in which it was produced.

52
Q

Source Criticism

A

is the study of the antecedents from which the NT writers drew their information.

53
Q

Notion of Christianity

A

binding both Jews and Gentiles; not forcing choice between the two cultures

54
Q

Koine

A

the spoken Greek at the time the New Testament was written; a dialect of Attic (Athenian) Greek that Alexander the Great spread throughout the Hellenistic world.

55
Q

Sensu Plenior

A

the “fuller sense” of Scripture, understood as the deeper meaning intended by God (but not intended by the human author)

56
Q

Historical Criticism

A

what the author literally meant to say. Sometimes it requires knowledge of the ancient languages, grammar, idioms, and customs

57
Q

Textual Criticism

A

“The comparison of the diversities” in Greek Bible manuscripts.

58
Q

Maranatha

A

Come Lord Jesus OR Our Lord Has Come

59
Q

Structuralism

A

concentrates on the final form of the NT works. This approach is far more than a general outline.

60
Q

Targumim Aramic

A

translations of the New Testament some of them are literal some of them are very free. They are made for Jews who no longer speak Hebrew

61
Q

Haireseis (later heresies):

A

parties, sects, or schools of thought. Referred to in the New Testament pertaining to the three main haireseis of Judaism which are the Pharisees, the Sadducees, and the Essenes.

62
Q

Mishna

A

means “repetition” and/or “to study and review” in Hebrew term. It is a written codification in Hebrew of Jewish oral law under the editorship of Rabbi Judah the Prince made ca. AD200.

63
Q

Latifundialization

A

The consolidation of land for the purpose of creating large commercial estates. It was predatory lending practices by the Romans that enabled lenders to take the land from debtors and force the people to work the land

64
Q

Corrective Gospel

A

a type of non-canonical gospel that attempts to offer a competing, corrective understanding of Jesus. Examples: Gospel of Judas, Gospel of Mary.

65
Q

Essenes

A

Jewish sect contemporary with the life of Jesus. Believed that the entire society had been corrupted, so completely withdrew into their own separate community located near Qumran.

66
Q

aretalogy

A

a special genre of biography where a divine man with preternatural gifts works miracles

67
Q

Demiurge

A

: it is a concept from the Platonic school of philosophy. It was adopted by the Gnocticism). They distinguished the highest, unknowable god and Demiurge who was the “creator”,

68
Q

Shema

A

Jewish prayer that originally appears in the OT (Hear, O Israel..)

69
Q

eggizein

A

“has come,” the best translation of this verb (in Mark) is probably “come near”

70
Q

Basileia

A

kingdom, sovereignty, royal power

71
Q

Euthus

A

Greek, “immediately” or “just then” also “once, strait, forward”

72
Q

blood guilt

A

This liability for the shedding of blood. If it was innocent blood that was shed the next closest relative under Jewish law became the avenger of blood and it was their duty to kill the murderer

73
Q

Historical present

A

presenting the text in a way that lets you know that it happened in the past but uses the present tense to describe the story. It makes the story more alive. Says that the story is happening in our midst.

74
Q

Marcan Apocalypse

A

differs from others in that Rome fulfills the will of God through its wrath on Judea, not the other way around.

75
Q

biblios geneseos

A

could mean “the record of the generations” of Jesus Christ.

76
Q

Anamnesis

A

the recollection or remembrance of the past, reminiscence. A prayer in a Eucharist service recalling the Passion, Resurrection and Ascension of Christ.

77
Q

Canticle

A

Song, poem or hymn of priase

78
Q

Motif of Reversal

A

Recurring theme in Luke. Person’s current circumstances are reversed or actions have opposite of expected effect.

79
Q

Metanoia

A

Greek, to change ones mind

80
Q

episkopos

A

literally means “one who oversees,” or “superintendent,” which is the Greek word for bishop.

81
Q

horao

A

mental seeing

82
Q

blepo

A

physically seeing

New Testament Survey (3 decks)

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