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New Testament Class > New Testament Exam 2 > Flashcards

New Testament Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The word “canon” means….?

A

A reed - it refers to a measuring rod, or standard

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2
Q

What is the earliest example of an “‘official” list of New Testment books called?

A

The Muratorian Canon

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3
Q

Which Bishop had the first list containing our modern list of 27 books as the canon?

A

Bishop Athanasius

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4
Q

Who formalized the list we recognize today

A

The Council of Carthage in 397 AD

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5
Q

What era brought about new inquiries into the canonicity of scripture?

A

The Reformation period

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6
Q

Who called the book of James’ “an epistle of straw”

A

Martin Luther

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7
Q

Who rejected the authoriship of Hebrews and 2 Peter, and never accepted all 27 books into the canon?

A

Calvin

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8
Q

List the criteria used for Canonicity by the early Church Fathers

A
  1. Must conform with the teachings handed down from disciple to disciple
  2. Must be authored by an Apostle (Apostolicity)
  3. Must have widespread usage and acceptance among the churches
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9
Q

Name the three synoptic gospels

A

Matthew, Mark, Luke

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10
Q

What does the term “synoptic” mean?

A

Seeing together

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11
Q

Are the synoptics identical?

A

No - they maintain different emhasis, themes and arrangements

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12
Q

What is the “Synoptic Problem”?

A

A set of questions surrounding the relationship between these three Gospels

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13
Q

Why is it referred to as a Synoptic “PROBLEM”?

A

In an academic setting it simply refers to something yet to be adequately solved and needing more study

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14
Q

How does John’s gospel differ from the synoptics?

A

His perspective is different - he views more of heavan coming down rather than earth going up

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15
Q

What are the four areas identified in the Synoptic Problem?

A
  1. Similarities in arrangement
  2. Similarities in vocabulary and style
  3. Similarities in two gospels only
  4. Divergences
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16
Q

What five areas must be addressed in moving toward a solution to the Synoptic Problem?

A
  1. The need to account for external testimony
  2. A place for personal reminiscence
  3. The distinction between authorship and editorship
  4. The value of simplification
  5. The role of the Holy Spirit in overseeing the entire process
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17
Q

Name the four theories provided as options for a solution to the Synoptic Problem.

A
  1. The Orginal Gospel Hypothesis
  2. The Oral Tradition Theory
  3. The Written Fragment Theory
  4. The Interdependence Hypothesis
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18
Q

What is the Orginal Gospel Hypothesis?

A

The four gospels were all based off of an original gospel that is now lost

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19
Q

What is the The Oral Tradition Theory?

A

Oral tradition was used for each Gospel and accounts for the differences among them

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20
Q

What is The Written Fragment Theory?

A

The evangelists composed their Gospels from written documents that contained only parts of Jesus’ life

21
Q

What is The Interdependence Hypothesis?

A

One of the Gospels were written first and all others were based on that one

22
Q

What has been dubbed as “Q”?

A

A reference to a supposedly lost book of Jesus’ sayings

23
Q

In the “Interdependence Hypothesis” - what theories are used to support this?

A
  1. The Augustinian Proposal - Matthew written first
  2. “Two-Gospel Hypothesis”- Matt. first, then Luke, and Mark borrowed from them
  3. “Two Source Hypothesis” - Mark and “Q” used to write Matt and Luke
  4. “Four Source Hypothesis” - The “two source hypothesis” and two addtional unknownw sources called “M” and “L”
24
Q

What was the most popular gospel in the early period?

A

Matthew

25
Q

Who is the author of Matthew?

A

Technically it is anonymous, but thought to be Matthew

26
Q

Who was the audience of Matthew?

A

Jews

27
Q

What was the purpose of Matthew?

A

No stated purpose but obviously to evangelize Jews, disciple Christians, and sharpen apologetics

28
Q

What are the dates of Matthew?

A

80-100 AD

29
Q

What are the themes of Matthew?

A
  1. Christology - Jesus is King
  2. Kingdom of Heaven
  3. The Church
  4. Discipleship
  5. Practical Righteousness
30
Q

Who authored Mark?

A

John Mark - who possibly penned the testimony of Peter

31
Q

Who was the audience of Mark?

A

Gentiles in Rome

32
Q

What was the purpose of Mark?

A

To share “the good news”

33
Q

What three distinctions does Mark have?

A
  1. Its the earliest written gospel
  2. It shows the most action - “immediately”
  3. Two endings exist in manuscripts (one long and one short)
34
Q

What are the themes of Mark?

A
  • Lots of actions
  • Lots of miracles
  • Jesus is son of man
  • Jesus is emotional
35
Q

Who is the author of John?

A

John - the son of Zebedee

36
Q

How is John affectionately referred to?

A

the “beloved disciple”

37
Q

What was the purpose of John?

A

John said - “the things have I written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ” (20:31).

38
Q

Who is the audience of John”

A

Diaspora Jews

39
Q

What are the two major themes of John?

A

BELIEF and SIGNS

40
Q

What signifigant textual variance is contained in John?

A

1:18 - “only begotten Son” or “only begotten God”

41
Q

Who is the author of Luke and Acts?

A

Luke

42
Q

What does “Acts” mean?

A

Former Book

43
Q

Could Luke and Acts have been one book?

A

Yes - but not likely

44
Q

What is the weakest, strongest, and best purpose of Luke and Acts

A

Strongest- the expansion of the church
Weakest - Instructions on the Holy Spirit
Best - To demonstate the freedom of the gospel

45
Q

What are the themes of Luke and Acts?

A
  • Holy Spirit
  • Prayer
  • Social Ministry
  • Parables
46
Q

What are the critical issues related to Acts?

A
  1. The histprical precedant
  2. Chronology in relations to Galatians
  3. Textual variants
  4. The abrupt ending
47
Q

What was Luke occupation?

A

Doctor and Evangelist

48
Q

What are the chronological dates of the Gospels?

A
  • Mark - 55-70
  • John - 55-95
  • Luke / Acts - 75-95
  • Matthew - 80-100
49
Q

How does each Gospel present Jesus

A
  • Matthew - King
  • Mark - Servant
  • Luke - Man
  • John - God

New Testament Class (3 decks)

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