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Phase test > New social Landscapes, Immigration And Diversity > Flashcards

New social Landscapes, Immigration And Diversity Flashcards

0
Q

History; what happened between 1830 and 1850?

A

Tens of thousands Irish arrived in Britain fleeing poverty

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1
Q

History: slave trade grew in 18thC. How many Africans lived in England in 1770. When was trade banned? When was slavery banned altogether?

A
  1. 14,000
  2. 1807
  3. 1833
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2
Q

History; what happened at the end of WWII

A

157,000 Poles immigrated

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3
Q

History: What happened on 22 June 1948?

A

The empire wind rush, West Indies

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4
Q

History: what was in the 1972 legislation?

A

Work permits

A parent or grandchild had to be born in UK

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5
Q

History: How many immigrants from commonwealth settled in UK between 1968-1975?

A

83,000

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6
Q

What was established in 1976?

A

Commission for Racial Equality

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7
Q

History: What sparked the riots in 1981?

A

Racial issues

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8
Q

History: What happened on 11 June 1987 to do with politics?

A

Four non white politicians were elected. Today there are 12 non white. To be truly representative there needs to be 55

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9
Q

History: what did the Macpherson case of 1993 Stephen Lawrence lead to in 2000?

A

Race Relations Amendment Act

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10
Q

What was the net long term migration in June 2014 compared to previous 12 months?

A

June 2014 - 260k

June 2013 - 182k

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11
Q

How many immigrated to UK in Year ending June 2014 compared to 2013?

A

583k - 2014

502k - 2013

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12
Q

How many emigrated from UK in June 2014?

A

323k

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13
Q

What are the two main reasons for migration?

A

Work and study

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14
Q

Name the 6 main points of new migration and new immigrants?

A
  1. Since early 90s rise in immigration
  2. Diversification of countries of origin
  3. Many acts of parliament on immigration and asylum
  4. Various migration channels and immigrant legal statuses
  5. asylum seekers
  6. Multiple dimensions of differentiation
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15
Q

There are 200 million legal and illegal migrants in the world, how much percentage of the population is this?

A

3%

16
Q

What are the two broad causes of migration?

A

Voluntary - e.g 36% of migrants to rich countries have degrees.

Forced - e.g 32.5 milli refugees and displaced people in 2005. From conflict, disaster, development

17
Q

What are the 6 benefits of migration?

A
  1. Mobile source of cheap labour
  2. Innovation an entrepreneurial capacity
  3. Customers and service users
  4. Combats over ageing issue of European pop
  5. Creators of new cultural spaces and dynamics
  6. Makes society more sustainable
18
Q

What are the 4 main problems of migration?

A
  1. Illegal and criminal intent (Border control and security)
  2. Threat to local cultures and identity
  3. Competing with indigenous pop for jobs and welfare services
  4. Makes society less sustainable
19
Q

Problem: list at least 5 of the common issues people have with immigration?

A
  1. Asylum seekers conflated with economic migrants
  2. Media images
  3. Housing
  4. Services
  5. Benefits
  6. Segregation
  7. Illegal
  8. Criminal
  9. Swamp the local culture
20
Q

Does immigration cause pressure in UK?

A

Gov report in 07 said it causes difficulty in housing, health, education and crime

21
Q

What are the public concerns of immigration compared to mid 1990s and 2006?

A

In mid 1990s 5% believed it was UKs most worrying issue.

44% in 06

22
Q

What does fear of immigration cause/come from?

A

Extreme right wing parties capitalising on the fear.

BNP, UKIP, Migrationwatch UK, immigrants conflated with ethnic minorities

23
Q

What were the main findings of Philo et al (2013) on immigration?

A
  • Limited voiceS - in 146 reported statements, 5 were from asylum seekers, rest from politicians
  • conflation of forced and economic migration
  • repeated use of ‘illegal’
  • no. of migrants seen as threat
  • burden on welfare and job market
  • criminality, deportation and hr
  • need for migration control
24
Q

What were 4 long term effects of reducing migration according to Lisenkova et al (2013)?

A
  1. If net migration reduced by 50% strong negative effects on economy
  2. GDP would reduce by 11%
  3. GDP per person would reduce by 2.7%
  4. To keep govt budget balanced would need to increase income tax by 2.7%
25
Q

What did Trevor Phillips say after the 7:7 bombings?

A

We are sleepwalking to segregation

26
Q

Why did Trevor Phillips believe we are sleepwalking to segregation?

A

We live in our own minorities. E.g Pakistanis in Leicester when’re 13% live. Trebled from 1991 to 2001. Sorta a British ghetto

27
Q

Give some facts and figures about the myth that Britain has an unfair share of immigrants…

A
  • 2.6 milli in 1961, 5.4milli in 05. 110% increase same as worldwide.
  • less than 3% in UK, 5% in Germany, 20% in US
  • 9% of pop in UK, 12% in ger, 13% US. 9% average for Europe
  • 2 per 1000, ger 3 and US 4
28
Q

Disregard the myth immigrants are lazy…

A

Refugees more highly skilled

  • 23% skilled trade compared to 12% of UK
  • 22% are managers compared with 15% of UK
  • more likely to be graduates
  • young, 91% of working age in 04
29
Q

Disregard the myth there is not enough space or housing in Uk….

A
  • trend for smaller household sizes, larger house
  • white Britons live in houses 2.3 peeps
  • bangladeshis, 4.2 peeps
  • 30% of whites in one person house
  • 9% bangladeshis one person house
  • whites take up 3x land to Bangladesh
30
Q

Disregard myth immigrants are an economic burden…..

A
  • consensus overall positive effect for economy

-

31
Q

Disregard myth immigrants are a burden on the state?

A
  • more likely to be young, good health, well qualified, high socioeconomic status than those who do not migrate
  • immigrants contribute more in taxes than use benefits and pub services
  • 6% immigrants claim benefits in Manchester compared to 20% of working age of the district
32
Q

Disregard myth it will cause racial unrest…

A
  • British social attitudes changing, pop more accepting of having ethnic minority boss or close relative marrying ethnic minority
  • changes in social attitudes, particularly younger generation
  • Britain more tolerant than other European counties
33
Q

Disregard myth minorities want to live in segregated neighbourhoods?

A
  • Housing aspirations of young people from White and minority groups similar
  • minority youngers want to live in mixed not segregated areas
  • but barriers are: racism, affordable housing
34
Q

Disregard myth England is becoming a country of ghettos?

A
  • white pop most isolated group, white live in area 94% white
  • Pakistanis live in areas that are on average 26% Pakistanis
  • spread of ethnic groups has become less clustered over time
35
Q

Disregard myth growth of minority clusters is caused by retreat….

A
  • natural change adds more to ethnic minorit pops in Britain than immigration
  • ## in districts with highest ethnic minority, birth adds more to minority than immigration
36
Q

Disregard myth white flight and minority retreat….

A
  • no evidence for white flight
  • 23 of 35 minority concentrations in Britain minorities moved elsewhere in UK than white
  • patterns represent aspirational movements
  • immigration replaces white pop than displaces it

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