New material (test bank) Flashcards
Which of the following is the definition of constipation used by health care providers?
1. It is a decrease in the frequency of bowel movements.
2. It is defined as fewer than one bowel movement every three days.
3. It is defined as two bowel movements or fewer per week.
4. It is defined as lumpy, hard stools at least 25% of the time.
4
. The nurse knows that the client is experiencing constipation when the client makes which of the following statements?
1. “I haven’t had a bowel movement today, but I had one yesterday.”
2. “I have been having trouble with pain, bloating, and gas. My last bowel movement was four days ago.”
3. “I have only had a bowel movement every other day for the past week.”
4. “I feel like I am constipated. Please give me a laxative.”
2
A client who is hospitalized has an order for a laxative as needed for constipation. To which client would the nurse expect to administer a laxative?
1. A client who has daily bowel movements that are formed
2. A client who did not have a bowel movement today, but had one yesterday
3. A client who had a bowel movement yesterday and one the day before but not yet today
4. A client who has not had a bowel movement in 4 days
4
he student nurse demonstrates an understanding of the different mechanisms of action of laxatives when the student nurse states:
1. “Stimulant laxatives must be taken with plenty of water.”
2. “Surfactant laxatives cause water and fat to be absorbed into the stools.”
3. “Bulk-forming laxatives are also called osmotic laxatives.”
4. “Mineral oil can interfere with the absorption of water-soluble vitamins.”
2
The student nurse demonstrates knowledge of the different mechanisms of action of laxatives when the student nurse states:
1. “My client should consume plenty of water, since he is taking a bulk-forming laxative.”
2. “My client should expect to have a delayed reaction to a saline cathartic.”
3. “My client should be encouraged to use a stimulant laxative whenever he feels the need to have a bowel movement.”
4. “My client should not strain when having a bowel movement, and so the physician likely will prescribe a bulk-forming laxative.”
1
Which of the following types of laxative have, as their mechanism of action, causing water and fat to be absorbed into the stools, thereby softening the stool?
1. Bulk-forming laxatives
2. Stimulant laxatives
3. Surfactant laxatives
4. Saline cathartics
3
The student nurse correctly explains to the client the origin of her constipation when the student nurse says:
1. “Ordinarily, fluid is absorbed in your large intestine as it travels through. If the stool stays in the large intestine too long, too much water is absorbed, which will cause your stool to be small, hard, and difficult to pass without straining.”
2. “If the waste material passes through the colon too quickly, excess fluids are not absorbed, and the result is a watery stool.”
3. “Constipation is usually caused by infection.”
4. “If you would use the laxatives daily, you would not have a problem with constipation.”
1
A client with severe diarrhea asks the nurse why so much water is being expelled with each bowel movement. The nurse correctly states that:
1. The intestines are not reabsorbing sufficient fluids.
2. The peristalsis is too slow.
3. The intestines are absorbing too much fluid.
4. The client needs to take a laxative at this time.
1
Which of the following is the most common reason for prescribing antiemetic drugs?
1. Morning sickness
2. Hyperemesis gravidarum
3. Therapy with antineoplastic drugs
4. Psychosis
3
Which of the following is true regarding the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting?
1. Antihistamines and anticholinergic drugs may be used to treat nausea and vomiting due to motion sickness.
2. Medications used to treat nausea and vomiting are only available via prescription.
3. An antiemetic drug is indicated if the client has ingested a poisonous substance or taken an overdose of an oral medication.
4. Antiemetic drugs can be used throughout pregnancy.
1
Which of the following is true of the use of bulk-forming laxatives?
1. They should be used liberally by any client who has difficulty having regular bowel movements.
2. They are indicated for the relief of bowel obstruction.
3. They should be used when the client has diarrhea caused by an infection.
4. They work to increase the frequency and quality of bowel movements.
4
When implementing nursing care, which of the following should be included when teaching the client and family about laxative use?
1. Laxatives are never harmful, because they are available over the counter, and should be used anytime the client feels the need to have a bowel movement.
2. Dependence on laxatives can cause constipation.
3. Stool softeners are appropriately used to treat constipation.
4. A side effect of stool softeners is abdominal cramping.
2
Which of the following is a priority assessment for the nurse to make immediately after administering a bulk-forming laxative?
1. The time of the client’s last bowel movement
2. If the client has retrosternal pain after taking the drug
3. If the client is allergic to any medications
4. If the client is taking other medications
2
The nurse is processing the history of a patient who underwent deep brain surgery that resulted in damage to the hypothalamus. The nurse recognizes that the patient’s deficit of all pituitary hormones is related to the location of the hypothalamus, which is found:
1. Deep within the brainstem.
2. Within the parietal lobe of the brain.
3. Just anterior to the occipital lobe of the brain
4. In the diencephalon, just above the brainstem.
4
The nurse is teaching a patient who is recovering from a hypophysectomy because of an anterior pituitary adenoma. The patient is learning about the need for supplemental thyroid hormone. The patient says, “I thought thyroid hormone came from a gland in my neck.” Which follow-up statement by the nurse is most appropriate?
1. “Your thyroid gland was damaged because of the long surgical procedure.”
2. “Your thyroid gland no longer gets messages from the pituitary.”
3. “You will only need to take thyroid hormone until healing occurs.”
4. “You need this hormone because your TSH is too high since surgery.”
2
A nurse is administering desmopressin to a patient with a head injury that put pressure on the posterior pituitary. The nurse recognizes that this form of artificial ADH will have the most impact on which portion of the assessment?
1. Urine output and blood pressure
2. Peripheral nervous system function, including reflexes
3. Cardiac function, including the conduction system
4. The Glasgow coma scale.
1
A nurse is conducting an admission assessment on a patient with an admission diagnosis of SIADH. The nurse would anticipate these physical findings to be consistent with:
1. Severe overhydration.
2. Severe dehydration.
3. A shock state.
4. Acute renal failure.
1