*NEW* IAN EXAM UNIT 2 Flashcards
What is the highest number that you can make with 8bits?
255
What is hex
Hex is a base 16 system used to simplify binary.
What is a non-volatile memory and examples
Is memory that can be stored even if the computer is turned off e.g hdd, ssd, NVMe and flash drives
What is a volatile memory and example
Volatile memory is a memory that is not capable of storing any past data because it loses all the information if the computer turns off or is rebooted, e.g RAM
Why the hdd slows down when is full?
Because the outer rings of the drive are longer, and will contain more data.
When you read or write from them, you will get more data per
revolution, thus a higher transfer rate.
The OS starts loading and using the outer rings first.
What are the 3 types of Data transfer rate (DTR)?
IDE (PATA) - 133MB/s
SATA III - 600MB/s
M.2 NVme - 3.2GB/s
What is cache?
is a memory that allows to speed up data transfers
What is defragmentation on a hdd?
is the process of reorganizing the data stored on the hard drive so that related pieces of data are put back together, all lined up in a continuous fashion and not all separated across the hdd
Why are SSD’s better than hdd?
SSD are faster than hdd because there is zero latency/seek time this is because the ssd doesn’t contain a spinning platters which take time to move to the correct position.
What is the limitation of an SSD?
It costs more than a hdd
Main benefits of an SSD
Because it has no moving parts is harder to break from a drop impact
It allows the IOPS to be 10/50x faster than a hdd
Need less power to run an SSD compared to hdd
is faster than a hdd
What is a NAS box?
Is a private cloud service in a office
Benefits of NAS
Benefits of NAS are that you can have more storage space than any other cloud without spending loads of money, another benefit is that is flawless collaboration so authorised users can access any files they have permission to through the NAS system/service, another benefit is that it has an automated data backup.
What is RAID?
Raid is the way of combining several independent and relatively small disks into a single storage of a large size for the purpose of redundancy
What is fault tolerance?
The ability to survive of one or more disk failures
What are the 4 different types of RAID?
RAID 0 - performance 2 disks
RAID 1 - mirroring 2 disks
RAID 5 - parity 3 disks
RAID 10 - performance and mirroring 4 disks
What is RAID level 0?
RAID level 0 offers no redundancy but excellent performance by stripping data across at least two disks
so when the first disk is doing file 1,3,5 the second disk at the same time is doing the files 2,4,6 so it’s performance is super quick but has no redundancy. The data is divided into blocks then written to disks, raid level 0 should never be used for any critical data/system
RAID LEVEL 1 ( mirror)
In RAID level 1 mirroring stores two identical copies of data on two hard drives, so if one fails the other one has everything that the other had because it “mirrored” everything from the main one to the second one. it reads faster because you can read the data from both disks at the same time so you can read on the main disk the file 1 and at the same time the file 2 on the second disk because is all the same files as its mirrored
RAID LEVEL 5 (stripe with parity)
RAID5 writes data blocks evenly to all the disks, in a pattern similar to RAID0. However, one additional “parity” block is written in each row. and with that if one disk fails and the block of that disk is unreadable the contents of this block can be reconstructed using parity data together with all the remaining data blocks, only one disk can fail (3 disks minimum) you can use this for a database because it offers great performance and redundancy
RAID LEVEL 1+0
RAID LEVEL 1+0 is a RAID level where it uses the speed of RAID 0 and the redundancy of RAID 1, so its needed 4 disks for this RAID level and it works by the 2 RAID level 1 disks mirroring everything that comes from the 2 RAID level 0 disks, making it insanely quickly and super safe because if a disk fails you can have the other one that has been mirrored to rely on fault tolerance.
What are the CPU performance factors?
Clock Speed Design of the CPU Cache memory/size Number of cores Cooling system
What is Clock speed? and how is that a performance factor?
Clock speed is the number of processing cycles carried out every second and by cycles it means that it can execute billions instructions every second, and a larger clock speed produces better performance.
How does the number of cores of the CPU affects its performance?
How many CPU core circuits are in the chip, it can be single, dual, quad, six or eight. A larger number of cores produces better performance.
How does the cooling system of the PC can affects CPU performance?
A CPU can get very hot, this is because of the design of the chip which has electricity flowing through it, this movement of electrons generates heat which if left unmanaged could damage the processor components, so you need a good cooling system so the CPU performance stays as it should.
What are some of the Cooling solutions?
Heatsink
Fan
Water cooling system
How does not taking care of your cooling system affect CPU speed?
If the CPU is allowed to overheat there is a temperature sensor onboard which will throttle back the clock speed of the CPU in an attempt to cool itself, doing this will reduce the performance of the chip.
How does a heatsink work?
Ambient air flow into the heatsink and expels hot air.
What are the methods of increasing execution speed?
Overclocking
CPU upgrade/motherboard
What is backing storage used for?
Backing storage can be used to store files, store installed applications, store the OS and also to prevent your information from being lost.
What is the hard drive structure
Track
Sector
Sector of a track
Cluster
What is cache used for?
Reading ahead or behind
Speed matching
Writing acceleration
Explain why if a hdd has more cache it will be faster
The cache on a hard drive is used to store frequently used data from the hard drive. So sine reading from the cache is significantly faster than reading from the hard drive the more cache a hard drive has the less times it has to go back and read and write from the hard the faster it will be.
Why SDDs do not require fragmentation
SSds do not require defragmentation because they don’t have any seek time when accessing any files/data and that is because it can access any data directly it doesn’t matter where it is located.
