New Grove "Clarinet" Info

Question 1

The current three main clarinet fingering systems

Answer 1

Boehm Oehler (Oscar Oehler) Reform-Boehm (adapted Boehm fingering system with Oehler bore and tone hole sizes developed by Fritz Wurlitzer)

Question 2

First documented appearance of the clarinet

Answer 2

Germany 1710

Question 3

First documented appearance of the clarinet in America

Answer 3

British military bands as early as 1758

Question 4

Earliest advertisement for clarinets in America

Answer 4

New York Gazette 1761

Question 5

First documented American clarinet maker

Answer 5

Jacob Anthony Sr. Philadelphia 1772 Two surviving boxwood clarinets with 5 keys

Question 6

Earliest published sheet music for clarinet

Answer 6

1793 Includes parts for home use

Question 7

The first clarinet tutor

Answer 7

A New and Complete Preceptor for the Clarinet published by George Blake around 1803

Question 8

Early clarinets construction

Answer 8

Boxwood, rosewood, ebony, ivory, metal, wood ferrules Mouthpieces- boxwood, Blackwood Ridges below and around table for tying read with cord.

Question 9

Approximate year clarinet mouthpiece was played with lower lip against reed.

Answer 9

1840

Question 10

Keys in which clarinets have been made

Answer 10

F, Eb, D, C, Bb, A Altos in F, Eb Bass in C, Bb

Question 11

Most important American clarinet makers active during the first half of the 19th century

Answer 11

Asa Hopkins (Litchfield, CT) William Whiteley (Utica, NY) Samuel Graves (Winchester, NH) Firth, Hall, & Pond (NYC). Mostly English style clarinets with some German.

Question 12

Who made bassoon shaped bass and alto clarinets (called “Clarion”)?

Answer 12

George Catlin Hartford, CT Around 1810

Question 13

Pewter mouthpieces

Answer 13

Graves Company 1838 Cheap pewter has lots of lead

Question 14

Eugéne Albert

Answer 14

Belgian clarinet patent 1866 New fingering system popular in Europe

Question 15

Which American companies copied the Albert clarinets?

Answer 15

Theodore Berteling (NYC) Conn family and Buescher (Elkhart) Penzel & Müller (Long Island City)

Question 16

Skeletal-model brass clarinets with silver alloy for outdoor use were made by?

Answer 16

Conn, Bettoney (New York City) H.N. White (Cleveland)

Question 17

Double-walled brass body

Answer 17

C.G. Conn 1895

Question 18

Thermoclarinet

Answer 18

Double-walled warmable clarinet 1926 Haynes, Boston

Question 19

Pupo Pupeschi

Answer 19

Italian 1892 fingering system Adopted by Penzel & Müller (NYC c1900), Conn (c1910), W. Meinl (NYC c1910)

Question 20

Improved Bb Mechanism

Answer 20

Automatic Bb Mechanism Leon Leblanc Kenosha, Wisconsin 1933 S-K Mechanism William Stubbins, Leblanc Frank Kaspar, Kenosha 1952 Rosario Mazzeo’s Mechanism Selmer, Elkhart 1959, 1962, 1965 Thomas McIntyre’s System Thibouville Fréres, Ivry-la-Bataille Assembled in Naugatuck, CT 1962

Question 21

Earliest known American soloist

Answer 21

Charles Hoffman Philadelphia 1769

Question 22

First female clarinetist to appear in America

Answer 22

Margaret Knittel From Switzerland Traveled with her husband and performed in Philadelphia, New York and other East coast cities 1816-1820 Played basset horn in 1817 in Philadelphia (first documented basset horn performance in America)

Question 23

James Kendall

Answer 23

Active soloist in Boston 1820s Director of Boston Brigade Band

Question 24

Rhodolph Hall

Answer 24

Beginning in 1844 played clarinet in New Haven, NYC, and Boston

Question 25

Thomas Ryan

Answer 25

Founding member of Mendelssohn Quintette Club of Boston in 1849 Toured Europe and Australia until 1895

Question 26

Alexandre Selmer

Answer 26

French clarinetist Came to US in 1898 to become the first clarinetist in the Boston Symphony. Later imported and sold his brother Henri’s clarinets from Paris (leading to Selmer firm in US).

Question 27

Gustavo Langenus

Answer 27

New York Symphony 1910-23 Taught at Juilliard Promoted Boehm-system clarinets

Question 28

Stanley Drucker

Answer 28

New York Philharmonic 1949-2009 Inspired challenging concerto by John Corigliano.

Question 29

Robert Lindemann

Answer 29

Chicago Symhony 1913-17

Question 30

Daniel Bonade

Answer 30

Philadelphia Orchestra 1917-30

Question 31

Simeon Bellison

Answer 31

NY Philharmonic 1921-48

Question 32

Kalman Bloch

Answer 32

Los Angeles Philharmonic 1937-81

Question 33

Ralph McLane

Answer 33

Philadelphia Orchestra 1943-1951

Question 34

Mitchell Lurie

Answer 34

Pittsburgh Symphony 1947-49 Chicago Symphony 1949-50

Question 35

Anthony Gigliotti

Answer 35

Philadelphia Orchestra 1949-96)

Question 36

Gino Cioffi

Answer 36

Boston Symphony 1950-70

Question 37

Harold Wright

Answer 37

Boston Symphony 1970-93

Question 38

Richard Stoltzman

Answer 38

B. 1942 Recorded lots of stuff Plays jazz and classical Student of Kalmen Opperman

Question 39

Larry Combs

Answer 39

Chicago Symphony 1974-2008 Plays jazz a bit Now teaches at DePaul University Studied with Leon Russianoff in New York Went to Eastman and studied with Stanley Hasty

Question 40

David Shifrin

Answer 40

Went to Curtis Played principal in Cleveland Studied with Anthony Gigliotti Commissioned basset clarinet extension to record the Mozart Teaches at Yale

Question 41

John Bruce Yeh

Answer 41

Chicago assistant principal and E-flat clarinetist 1985 Best New Classical Artist Grammy Went to Juilliard

Question 42

Contemporary Technique Specialists

Answer 42

William O. Smith Phillip Rehfeldt F. Gerard Errante Charles Neidich Eric Mandat

Question 43

Rhapsody in Blue

Answer 43

1924 Low trill and glissando

Question 44

El Salon Mexico

Answer 44

Copland 1933-36 Includes Eb clarinet solo

Question 45

William Schuman’s Symphony No. 3

Answer 45

1941 Bass clarinet solo

Question 46

Two types of ancient cylindrical single reed instruments

Answer 46

idioglot (reed is part of tube) heteroglot (separate reed)

Question 47

Year, name, place of possible first inventor of clarinet:

Answer 47

C. 1700 Nürnberg Johann Christoph Denner (1655-1707)

Question 48

History of German Clarinet

Answer 48

Didn’t adopt French Boehm system (1840s) even though it was easier. Wanted to preserve indigenous sound tradition and playing style. Kept clumsier key system and more cylindrical lower half of clarinet (French was slightly more conical) Added more keys instead of totally redoing the instrument. Carl Baermann clarinets 1850s Ottensteiner clarinets Oskar Oehler clarinets 1858- Reform Oehler

Question 49

Chalumeau

Answer 49

Ancient word from Greek “kalamos” which means “reed pipe”. Early bagpipe chanters were sometimes called “chalumeau”s. Some Eastern European bagpipes even had single reeds. Later there was the chalumeau in G which was like a clarinet but 8.5 inches long and 0.6 inches in diameter. It had 7 holes (1 for thumb).

Question 50

Organ pipes

Answer 50

Organ makers used heteroglot reed instruments, and made them in metal as pipes for organ.

Question 51

Wildruf- und Horndreher

Answer 51

Johann Christoff Denner (1655-1707) was one of these. A wildruf was an instrument that imitated animals and included devices meant to lure prey. A common duck call used a single reed like a clarinet.

Question 52

Mock trumpet

Answer 52

Idioglot instrument meant to imitate the trumpet. Methods published around 1700 Like Chalumeau it had limited range

Question 53

Baroque clarinets

Answer 53

Earliest clarinets around 1700 and just prior are referred to as baroque clarinets. They only had two keys but could overblow the 12th.