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Clarinet Comprehensive Exams > New Grove "Clarinet" Info > Flashcards

New Grove "Clarinet" Info Flashcards

1
Q

The current three main clarinet fingering systems

A

Boehm Oehler (Oscar Oehler) Reform-Boehm (adapted Boehm fingering system with Oehler bore and tone hole sizes developed by Fritz Wurlitzer)

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2
Q

First documented appearance of the clarinet

A

Germany 1710

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3
Q

First documented appearance of the clarinet in America

A

British military bands as early as 1758

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4
Q

Earliest advertisement for clarinets in America

A

New York Gazette 1761

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5
Q

First documented American clarinet maker

A

Jacob Anthony Sr. Philadelphia 1772 Two surviving boxwood clarinets with 5 keys

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6
Q

Earliest published sheet music for clarinet

A

1793 Includes parts for home use

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7
Q

The first clarinet tutor

A

A New and Complete Preceptor for the Clarinet published by George Blake around 1803

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8
Q

Early clarinets construction

A

Boxwood, rosewood, ebony, ivory, metal, wood ferrules Mouthpieces- boxwood, Blackwood Ridges below and around table for tying read with cord.

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9
Q

Approximate year clarinet mouthpiece was played with lower lip against reed.

A

1840

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10
Q

Keys in which clarinets have been made

A

F, Eb, D, C, Bb, A Altos in F, Eb Bass in C, Bb

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11
Q

Most important American clarinet makers active during the first half of the 19th century

A

Asa Hopkins (Litchfield, CT) William Whiteley (Utica, NY) Samuel Graves (Winchester, NH) Firth, Hall, & Pond (NYC). Mostly English style clarinets with some German.

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12
Q

Who made bassoon shaped bass and alto clarinets (called “Clarion”)?

A

George Catlin Hartford, CT Around 1810

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13
Q

Pewter mouthpieces

A

Graves Company 1838 Cheap pewter has lots of lead

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14
Q

Eugéne Albert

A

Belgian clarinet patent 1866 New fingering system popular in Europe

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15
Q

Which American companies copied the Albert clarinets?

A

Theodore Berteling (NYC) Conn family and Buescher (Elkhart) Penzel & Müller (Long Island City)

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16
Q

Skeletal-model brass clarinets with silver alloy for outdoor use were made by?

A

Conn, Bettoney (New York City) H.N. White (Cleveland)

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17
Q

Double-walled brass body

A

C.G. Conn 1895

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18
Q

Thermoclarinet

A

Double-walled warmable clarinet 1926 Haynes, Boston

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19
Q

Pupo Pupeschi

A

Italian 1892 fingering system Adopted by Penzel & Müller (NYC c1900), Conn (c1910), W. Meinl (NYC c1910)

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20
Q

Improved Bb Mechanism

A

Automatic Bb Mechanism Leon Leblanc Kenosha, Wisconsin 1933 S-K Mechanism William Stubbins, Leblanc Frank Kaspar, Kenosha 1952 Rosario Mazzeo’s Mechanism Selmer, Elkhart 1959, 1962, 1965 Thomas McIntyre’s System Thibouville Fréres, Ivry-la-Bataille Assembled in Naugatuck, CT 1962

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21
Q

Earliest known American soloist

A

Charles Hoffman Philadelphia 1769

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22
Q

First female clarinetist to appear in America

A

Margaret Knittel From Switzerland Traveled with her husband and performed in Philadelphia, New York and other East coast cities 1816-1820 Played basset horn in 1817 in Philadelphia (first documented basset horn performance in America)

23
Q

James Kendall

A

Active soloist in Boston 1820s Director of Boston Brigade Band

24
Q

Rhodolph Hall

A

Beginning in 1844 played clarinet in New Haven, NYC, and Boston

25
Q

Thomas Ryan

A

Founding member of Mendelssohn Quintette Club of Boston in 1849 Toured Europe and Australia until 1895

26
Q

Alexandre Selmer

A

French clarinetist Came to US in 1898 to become the first clarinetist in the Boston Symphony. Later imported and sold his brother Henri’s clarinets from Paris (leading to Selmer firm in US).

27
Q

Gustavo Langenus

A

New York Symphony 1910-23 Taught at Juilliard Promoted Boehm-system clarinets

28
Q

Stanley Drucker

A

New York Philharmonic 1949-2009 Inspired challenging concerto by John Corigliano.

29
Q

Robert Lindemann

A

Chicago Symhony 1913-17

30
Q

Daniel Bonade

A

Philadelphia Orchestra 1917-30

31
Q

Simeon Bellison

A

NY Philharmonic 1921-48

32
Q

Kalman Bloch

A

Los Angeles Philharmonic 1937-81

33
Q

Ralph McLane

A

Philadelphia Orchestra 1943-1951

34
Q

Mitchell Lurie

A

Pittsburgh Symphony 1947-49 Chicago Symphony 1949-50

35
Q

Anthony Gigliotti

A

Philadelphia Orchestra 1949-96)

36
Q

Gino Cioffi

A

Boston Symphony 1950-70

37
Q

Harold Wright

A

Boston Symphony 1970-93

38
Q

Richard Stoltzman

A

B. 1942 Recorded lots of stuff Plays jazz and classical Student of Kalmen Opperman

39
Q

Larry Combs

A

Chicago Symphony 1974-2008 Plays jazz a bit Now teaches at DePaul University Studied with Leon Russianoff in New York Went to Eastman and studied with Stanley Hasty

40
Q

David Shifrin

A

Went to Curtis Played principal in Cleveland Studied with Anthony Gigliotti Commissioned basset clarinet extension to record the Mozart Teaches at Yale

41
Q

John Bruce Yeh

A

Chicago assistant principal and E-flat clarinetist 1985 Best New Classical Artist Grammy Went to Juilliard

42
Q

Contemporary Technique Specialists

A

William O. Smith Phillip Rehfeldt F. Gerard Errante Charles Neidich Eric Mandat

43
Q

Rhapsody in Blue

A

1924 Low trill and glissando

44
Q

El Salon Mexico

A

Copland 1933-36 Includes Eb clarinet solo

45
Q

William Schuman’s Symphony No. 3

A

1941 Bass clarinet solo

46
Q

Two types of ancient cylindrical single reed instruments

A

idioglot (reed is part of tube) heteroglot (separate reed)

47
Q

Year, name, place of possible first inventor of clarinet:

A

C. 1700 Nürnberg Johann Christoph Denner (1655-1707)

48
Q

History of German Clarinet

A

Didn’t adopt French Boehm system (1840s) even though it was easier. Wanted to preserve indigenous sound tradition and playing style. Kept clumsier key system and more cylindrical lower half of clarinet (French was slightly more conical) Added more keys instead of totally redoing the instrument. Carl Baermann clarinets 1850s Ottensteiner clarinets Oskar Oehler clarinets 1858- Reform Oehler

49
Q

Chalumeau

A

Ancient word from Greek “kalamos” which means “reed pipe”. Early bagpipe chanters were sometimes called “chalumeau”s. Some Eastern European bagpipes even had single reeds. Later there was the chalumeau in G which was like a clarinet but 8.5 inches long and 0.6 inches in diameter. It had 7 holes (1 for thumb).

50
Q

Organ pipes

A

Organ makers used heteroglot reed instruments, and made them in metal as pipes for organ.

51
Q

Wildruf- und Horndreher

A

Johann Christoff Denner (1655-1707) was one of these. A wildruf was an instrument that imitated animals and included devices meant to lure prey. A common duck call used a single reed like a clarinet.

52
Q

Mock trumpet

A

Idioglot instrument meant to imitate the trumpet. Methods published around 1700 Like Chalumeau it had limited range

53
Q

Baroque clarinets

A

Earliest clarinets around 1700 and just prior are referred to as baroque clarinets. They only had two keys but could overblow the 12th.

Clarinet Comprehensive Exams (10 decks)

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