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Clarinet Comprehensive Exams > Important Events in Clarinet History by Date > Flashcards

Important Events in Clarinet History by Date Flashcards

1
Q

1600’s

A

Female students at Venetian conservatories play the violin, flute, organ, oboe,
bassoon, cello, double basses, French horn, and harpsichord.

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2
Q

1700

A

Denner invents clarinet

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3
Q

1704

A

M.A. Ziani’s “Caio Pompilio” uses the chalameau.

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4
Q

1700’s

A

Women play piano, harp, and guitar for domestic entertainment.

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5
Q

1713

A

The clarinet is mentioned by Mattheson in his “Newly Organized Orchestra.”

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6
Q

1720

A

The chalameau is used in J. A. J. Faber’s Mass “Maria Assumpta.”

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7
Q

1721

A

By this date the instrument is already known in Italy as “Clarone”

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8
Q

1728

A

A concerto for chalameau is played in Paris.

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9
Q

1738

A

J.T. Eisel in the “Musicus Autodidactus” states that the speaker key gives Bb
instead of B, as before.

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10
Q

1740

A

1740: Handel’s Overture in D for two clarinets and horn.

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11
Q

1740’s

A

Molter’s clarinet concertos

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12
Q

1742

A

Mr. Charles, “the Hungarian,” plays a clarinet concerto in Dublin. (He was one of
the first traveling clarinet soloists.)

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13
Q

1749

A

Rameau’s “Zoroastre” uses clarinets

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14
Q

1750

A

Clarinets now begin to make real progress in the orchestra. The clarinet uses
barrels of different lengths. Approximate date of the Stamitz’s Clarinet Concerto

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15
Q

1751

A

Rameau’s “Acante and Cephis” uses clarinets. Haydn’s first used of the clarinet in
his “First Mass.”

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16
Q

1762

A

Jean Jacques Rousseau’s Emile on education – underlined the importance of
women to be entirely subordinate and dependent on their husbands.

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17
Q

1762

A

Thomas Arne’s Artaxeres uses clarinets. J.C. Bach’s Orione uses D and Bb
clarinets

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18
Q

1764

A

Gluck’s Orfeo uses clarinets. Mozart makes a copy of Abel’s Symphony Op. 8,
No. 6, in which clarinets replace the more usual oboes.

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19
Q

1767

A

Diderot and Alembert’s “Enclopedie” shows a two-piece chalameau with eight
finger holes, a detachable mouthpiece, and a single reed.

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20
Q

1769

A

Gluck’s Alceste uses clarinets.

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21
Q

1770

A

Five-key clarinet.

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22
Q

1772

A

Joseph Beer plays a clarinet concerto by Stamitz in Paris. The bass clarinet is
invented by Giles Lot in Paris

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23
Q

1776

A

Diderot and Alembert’s “Encyclopedie” describes a six-key clarinet

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24
Q

1776-78

A

Clarinets are used by Haydn in the Estherhazy orchestra.

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25
Q

1777

A

Mozart hears the clarinet in Mannheim.

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26
Q

1778

A

Mozart’s Sinfonia Concertante.

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27
Q

1779

A

Gluck’s Iphegenie en Tauride uses clarinets.

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28
Q

1781

A

Mozart’s Serenade for Thirteen Wind Instruments.

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29
Q

1782

A

Mozart’s Serenade for Winds in C Minor

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30
Q

1783

A

Mozart’s Five Divertimenti for Two Clarinets and Bassoon.

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31
Q

1784

A

Mozart’s Quintet for Oboe, Clarinet, Horn, Bassoon, and Piano.

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32
Q

1786

A

Mozart’s Trio for Clarinet, Viola, and Piano in Eb. Theodore Lotz invented the
basset-clarinet for Anton Stadler in Vienna.

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33
Q

1789

A

Mozart’s Quintet in A Major for Clarinet and Sting Quartet.

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34
Q

1790

A

Jean-Jacues Baumann developed six-key clarinet with Leférvre in Paris.

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35
Q

1791

A

Mozart’s Concerto for Clarinet in A Major (begun in 1789 and completed in
1791).

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36
Q

1797

A

Beethoven’s Quintet in Eb for Piano, Oboe, Clarinet, Horn, and Bassoon, op. 16.
Beethoven’s Trio for Clarinet, Piano, and Cello, op. 11.

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37
Q

1800-1810

A

Ivan Müller introduces in metal ligature for the clarinet.

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38
Q

1800

A

Six-key clarinet now fairly common, although the five-key clarinet is more
popular.

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39
Q

1805

A

The Schleichers Trio, family trio with the father on bassoon and two daughters on clarinets, tours Germany and Switzerland.

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40
Q

1807

A

Milan Conservatory is founded

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41
Q

1808

A

Rev. Frederick Nolan of Colchester introduces ring keys. Dumas invents the
contrabass. J. H. G. Streitwolf developed his eleven-key clarinet in Göttingen for
Hermstedt, for whom Spohr wrote his clarinet concertos.

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42
Q

1809

A

Iwan Müller invented Müller system clarinet in Paris. A. Reicha’s clarinetist,
Boufil used Müller-system clarinet. Hermstedt uses a gold mouthpiece with a
silver lay, a silver facing. Rossini’s Introduction, Theme and Variation

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43
Q

1810

A

Beethoven’s Sextet in Eb for two clarinets, two horns, and two bassoons, op. 71.
In Berlin, Griessling & Scholott sold his ten-key clarinet to Heinrich Baermann,
for whom Weber wrote his Concertino and Concerto No. 1 & 2.

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44
Q

1811

A

Weber’s Concertino in Eb, op. 26, Weber’s Concerto No. 1, op. 73 & No. 2, op.
74. Heinrich Grenser developed his eleven-key clarinet for Crusell in Dresden

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45
Q

1817

A

Vienna Conservatory is founded

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46
Q

1812

A

In France the reed is being played on the bottom instead of the top of the
mouthpiece. Ivan Mueller appears in Paris with a thirteen-keyed clarinet. Cordula
Ostiggenberg (née Schleicher) is the first woman appointed as salaried principal
clarinetist.

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47
Q

1814

A

Spohr’s Octet Op. 32.

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48
Q

1815

A

Beethoven’s Three Duos for Clarinet and Bassoon. Weber’s Introduction, Theme,
and Variations, Op. 33. Weber’s Quintet for clarinet and strings Op. 34.

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49
Q

1816

A

Weber’s Grand Duo Concertante for clarinet and piano. Op. 48. Woman
clarinetist, Margaret Knittel appeared in a concert in Germany; she is also the first
woman clarinetist to appear in the US.

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50
Q

1818

A

First report of a metal clarinet (made in brass).

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51
Q

1821

A

Donizetti’ Studio Primo for solo clarinet.

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52
Q

1823

A

The Royal Academy of Music in London is founded. Rollers for the left-hand
little finger developed by C. Janssen.

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53
Q

1824

A

Schubert’s Octet in F Major.

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54
Q

1825

A

Caroline Krähmer (née Schleicher)’s Sonatine pour Piano avec Clarinette ou
Violon Oblige. Now the clarinet has eleven keys. German silver begins to replace
brass for the key and metal work on the clarinet.

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55
Q

1828

A

G. Streitwolf of Goettingen invents the basset horn. Schubert’s The Shepherd on
the Rock for soprano, clarinet, and piano.

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56
Q

1832

A

Brussels Conservatory is founded

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57
Q

1833

A

R. Wagner’s Adagio for Clarinet.

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58
Q

1834

A

Beethoven’s Octet for two oboes, two clarinets, two horns, and two bassoons, Op.
103.

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59
Q

1835

A

Ernst Krähmer’s Duo Concertant for Oboe and Clarinet, for him and his wife.
Les Huguenots by Meyerbeer with the famous bass clarinet solo.

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60
Q

1837

A

Buffet introduces steel needle springs for flute. Later used on the clarinet.

61
Q

1838

A

Rod axles invented by Buffet, Jr.

62
Q

1839

A

Caroline Krähmer and her sons performed a trio for clarinet, cello, and piano in
Vienna.

63
Q

1840

A

Cupped keys in general use.

64
Q

1842

A

Ernesto Cavallini performed his own Fantasia in Paris, using six-key clarinet.
Cavallini inspired composer such as Rossini and Verdi.

65
Q

1843

A

Louis-Auguste Buffet jeune and Hyacinth Klosé developed Boehm-system
clarinet in Paris.

Leipzig Conservatory is founded

66
Q

1844

A

Boehm clarinet is patented.

67
Q

1848

A

Eugène Albert invented Albert-system clarinet in Belgium. English clarinetist
Henry Lazarus used Albert-system clarinet.

68
Q

1849

A

Schumann’s Fantasy Pieces

69
Q

1850

A

Cologne Conservatory is founded.

Georg Ottensteiner and Carl Baermann developed Baermann-system clarinet in
Munich. This clarinet was used by Richard Mühlfeld, for whom Brahms
composed his works for clarinet at the end of his life.

70
Q

1853

A

Ebonite is used for some mouthpiece.

71
Q

1856

A

Dresden Conservatory is founded

72
Q

1857

A

Bern Conservatory, Chicago Conservatory, Peabody Institute of Music are
founded.

73
Q

1864

A

Carl Baermann published Volleständige Clarinett-Schule in Offenbach.

74
Q

1865

A

Oberlin Conservatory is founded

75
Q

1867

A

New England Conservatory, Cincinnati Conservatory are founded.

76
Q

1869

A

Berlin Conservatory is founded.

Reeds are being made by machine

77
Q

1875

A

G. Berthold of Speyer makes two ivory clarinets for the virtuoso Heinrich Graeff.

78
Q

1877

A

Rimsky-Korsakoff’s Clarinet Concerto with band accompaniment.

79
Q

1878

A

Frances Thomas performs second clarinet beside Lazarus in the Crystal Palace
Orchestra. Frankfurt Conservatory is founded.

80
Q

1881

A

Frances Thomas is a soloist in a concert of the Dundee Ladies Orchestra in
England. R. Strauss’ Serenade for Thirteen Wind Instruments.

81
Q

1887

A

Oskar Oehler invented oehler-system clarinet in Berlin. Today’s clarinetists
Sabine Meyer and Karl Leister use this system.

82
Q

1889

A

Evette and Schaffer’s Boehm clarinet wins the Grand Prize at the Universal
Exhibit at Paris over the Albert Clarinet.

83
Q

1890

A

Mouthpiece caps are made of metal.

84
Q

1891

A

Brahms’ Trio in A Minor for Clarinet, Cello, and Piano. Brahms’ Quintet in B
Minor for Clarinet and Strings.

85
Q

1894

A

Brahms’ Sonata No. 1 & 2, op. 120.

86
Q

1898

A

Widor’s Introduction et Rondo Op. 72.

87
Q

1899

A

A. Messager’s Solo de Concours.

88
Q

1900

A

Max Reger’s Two Sonatas for Clarinet and Piano Op. 49. Augusta Holmès’
Fantaisia for clarinet and piano.

89
Q

1903

A

Hahn’s Sarabannde et Theme Varie

90
Q

1905

A

Juilliard is founded

91
Q

1906

A

Ravel’s Introduction and Allegro for Harp, String Quartet, Clarinet, and Flute.

92
Q

1908

A

Reger’s Sonata for Clarinet and Piano, op. 107. Reger’s Quintet in A for Clarinet
and Strings, op. 107.

93
Q

1909

A

Debussy’s Premiere Rhapsody for clarinet and piano (orchestrated 1910-11)

94
Q

1911

A

R. Strauss’ Suite for Winds

95
Q

1914-1918

A

World War I

96
Q

1916

A

Daniel Bonade was appointed the principal of Philadelphia Orchestra, using
Boehm-system clarinet.

97
Q

1918

A

Busoni’s Concertino Op. 48. The Civic Orchestra of Chicago founded

98
Q

1919

A

D. G. Mason’s Sonata for Clarinet and Piano. Stravinsky’s Three Pieces for solo
clarinet.

99
Q

1921

A

Simeon Bellison joined New York Philharmonic, using Oehler-system clarinet

100
Q

1923

A

Hindemith’ Quintet Op. 30

101
Q

1927

A

D. Milhaud’s Sonatine for clarinet

102
Q

1928

A

Neilsen’s Concerto Op. 57.

103
Q

1932

A

Pauline Juler makes her debute on the Mozart’s Clarinet Concerto. Hindemith’s
Ploener Musiktag.

104
Q

1933

A

E. Bozza’s Fantasie Italienne.

105
Q

1937

A

Pauline Juler premières Howard Ferguson’s Four Short Pieces Op. 6.

106
Q

1938

A

Mary Lucas (née Anderson)’s Sonata for clarinet, dedicates to Pauline Juler.

107
Q

1939-1945

A

World War II

108
Q

1939

A

Hindemith’s Sonata for Clarinet.

109
Q

1941

A

L. Bernstein’s Sonata for Clarinet and Piano.

110
Q

1942

A

Milhaud’s Clarinet Sonata; L. Sowerby’s Clarinet Sonata.

111
Q

1943

A

Pauline Juler recorded Ferguson’s Octet in D minor of clarinet, bassoon, horn,
string quartet.

112
Q

1944

A

Finzi’s Five Bagatelles, dedicates to Pauline Juler.

113
Q

1945

A

Stravinsky’s Ebony Concerto.

114
Q

1947

A

Marian McLaughlin’s Sonatina for clarinet and piano.

115
Q

1948

A

Ulysse Delécluse was appointed professor at the Paris Conservatoire, for whom
Milhaud wrote Duo Concertant Op. 351. Delécluse used Boehm-system clarinet.

116
Q

1949

A

Finzi’s Clarinet Concerto, dedicates to Pauline Juler who is retiring from
performing career due to marriage; the concerto is prèrmièred by Frederick
Thurston. Copland’s Clarinet Concerto and Hindemith’s Clarinet Concerto were
commissioned by American Benny Goodman, using Boehm-system clarinet,
brand Selmer. Shirley M. Mackie’s Five Dialogues for clarinet and piano

117
Q

1950

A

Shirley M. Mackie’s Inventions for clarinet and piano.

118
Q

1952

A

Shirley M. Mackie’s Sonatine for clarinet and piano.`

119
Q

1953

A

Robert Marcellus was appointed the principal of Cleveland Orchestra, using
Boehm-system clarinet.

120
Q

1954

A

Georgina Dobrée commissiones Elisabeth Lutyen’s Valediction Op. 28 for clarinet and piano.

121
Q

1955

A

Thea King joins Portia Wind Ensemble.

122
Q

1956

A

Thea King is principal clarinet of the London Mozart Players until 1984.

123
Q

1957

A

Shirley M. Mackie’s Aria Concertata Nos 1 and 2 for soprano, clarinet, and
piano.

124
Q

1959

A

German clarinetist Karl Leister joined the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra under
the baton of Herbert von Karajan

125
Q

1960

A

Shirley M. Mackie’s Questions for Americans for soprano, clarinet, and piano

126
Q

1961

A

Michelle Zukovsky joins Los Angeles Philharmonic as principal in the US

127
Q

1964

A

Shirley M. Mackie’s Three Latin Dances for five clarinets and Four Trifles for
two flutes, clarinet, and piano.

128
Q

1965

A

Barbara Kolb’s Rebuttal for two D-flat clarinets

129
Q

1966

A

Bennett’s Crosstalk for two basset horns, dedicates to Thea King.

130
Q

1967

A

Georgina Dobrée becomes professor at the Royal Academy of Music until 1986.

131
Q

1968

A

Shirley M. Mackie’s Concertino for clarinet and band; Three Movements for solo
clarinet; From the Shore for soprano and clarinet; Goodbye for soprano and
clarinet; The Ironwood Tree for soprano and piano.

132
Q

1969

A

Margaret Susan Brandman’s Clarinet Miniature for clarinet and piano, Trio for
two clarinets and bassoon.

133
Q

1971

A

Margaret Susan Brandman’s Trio for two clarinets and cello.

134
Q

1972

A

Elsa Ludewig-Verdehr forms the Verdehr Trio. Moris Pert’s Luminos Op. 16a for
a basset horn and piano, dedicates to Georgina Dobrée.

135
Q

1974

A

Thea King joins the Melos Ensemble.

136
Q

1975

A

Georgina Dobrée forms a record company Chantry Recording, and commissions
Elisabeth Lutyen’s This Green Tide Op. 103 for basset horn and piano. Elma
Miller’s Duo for clarinet and double bass, Vinderdi Vaenderdi for clarinet and
French horn.

137
Q

1976

A

Morris Pert’s Eoastrion Op. 30 for E flat clarinet and tape. dedicates to Georgina
Dobrée.Bunita Marcus’ Quintet for clarinet, bass clarinet, and three percussions.
Elma Miller’s Duo for clarinet and piano.

138
Q

1977

A

Margaret Susan Brandman’s Permutation for clarinet and piano. Bunita Marcus’
Apogee Three for solo clarinet. Marlyce Rae Polk Reed’s Three Short Dialogues
for three clarinets.

139
Q

1979

A

Elma Miller’s Kalur for clarinet solo

140
Q

1980

A

Thea King commissions Elizabeth Maconchy’s Fantasia. Gordon Jacob’s MiniConcerto, dedicates to Thea King. Georgina Dobrée commissions John Mayer’s
Dance Suite.

141
Q

1982

A

Marlyce Rae Polk Reed’s Clarinet Rhapsody No. 1

142
Q

1983

A

Sabine Meyer is hired by the Berlin Philharmonic conductor Karajan, but got
voted out by orchestra members.

143
Q

1985

A

Thea King commissions and premières Howard Blake’s Concerto. Steve Reich’s
New York Counterpoint, dedicates to American clarinetist Richard Stoltzman.

144
Q

1989

A

Louis Cahuzac wins the First Prize Paris Conservatoire, for whom Milhaud wrote
Sonatine.

145
Q

1994

A

Caroline Hartig commissions and premières Libby Larsen’s Dancing Solo at the
Carnegie Hall with Boehm-system clarinet.

146
Q

1997

A

Vienna Philharmonic admits its first woman (harpist)

147
Q

2002

A

English clarinetist Julian Bliss performs at Queen Elizabeth II’s Golden Jubilee
(during the Prom at the Palace)

148
Q

2011

A

Israeli clarinetist Sharon Kam released her Mozart CD.

149
Q

2016

A

Swedish Martin Fröst released his new CD “Root.”

Clarinet Comprehensive Exams (10 decks)

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