NEW Final Exam Flashcards
What quote is associated with Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
- Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.
What are the main ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
- The Social Contract: Individuals form a society for the common good.
- General Will: The collective will of the people should guide society.
What are the unique theories and vibes of Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
- Emphasizes the natural state of man and argues that civilization corrupts people.
- Associated with Romanticism and critiques of inequality and private property.
What quote is associated with Edmund Burke?
The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.
What are the main ideas of Edmund Burke?
- Conservatism: Emphasizes tradition and social stability.
- Skepticism of Revolution: Argues revolutions lead to chaos.
What are the unique theories and vibes of Edmund Burke?
- Advocates prudence and respect for institutions.
- Believes in organic, gradual change.
What quote is associated with Mary Wollstonecraft?
I do not wish women to have power over men; but over themselves.
What are the main ideas of Mary Wollstonecraft?
- Feminism and Gender Equality: Equal education and opportunities for women.
- Critiques limited societal roles for women and values rationality.
What are the unique theories and vibes of Mary Wollstonecraft?
- Pioneer in modern feminism.
- Focuses on self-sovereignty and reason for women.
What quote is associated with Karl Marx?
- The history of all hitherto societies is the history of class struggles.
- All history is shaped by conflicts between social classes, and it drives social and economic change.
What are the main ideas of Karl Marx?
- Historical Materialism: Economic forces shape history.
- Class Struggle: Conflict drives change.
- Alienation: Workers are disconnected from their labor.
What are the unique theories and vibes of Karl Marx?
- Advocates revolutionary overthrow of capitalism, believes in materialism. Focuses on economic power and class relations.
- Believes in a revolutionary overthrow of the capitalist system, leading to a classless society.
What quote is associated with Benjamin Constant?
- Liberty of the ancients differs from that of the moderns in that the former is the liberty of participation in collective sovereignty, while the latter is the liberty of individual rights.
- E.g. Modern people value personal liberty more than constant public involvement.
What are the main ideas of Benjamin Constant?
- Liberty: Contrast between ancient (public participation) and modern (individual freedom) liberty.
- Supports constitutional government and individual rights.
What are the unique theories and vibes of Benjamin Constant?
- Classical liberal stressing individual autonomy.
- Wants rights protected from state overreach.
- A classical liberal thinker who stresses the importance of individual autonomy and the protection of rights from state power.
What quote is associated with John Stuart Mill?
- The only freedom which deserves the name is that of pursuing our own good in our own way.
- Freedom means choosing your own path so long you don’t harm others.
What are the main ideas of John Stuart Mill?
- Utilitarianism: Greatest happiness for the greatest number.
- Advocates for individual freedom as long as it doesn’t harm others (Harm Principle)
What are the unique theories and vibes of John Stuart Mill?
- Merges liberalism and utilitarianism.
- Highlights freedom’s role in societal progress.
What quote is associated with W.E.B. Du Bois?
- The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line.
- Racial inequality and segregation were the central issues of the 20th century.
What are the main ideas of W.E.B. Du Bois?
- Double Consciousness: African Americans’ internal conflict between identities.
- Advocates for civil rights and education for Black Americans.
What are the unique theories and vibes of W.E.B. Du Bois?
- Links racial and class struggles.
- Black intellectualism: Black people should lead their own communities using education, critical thinking, and culture.
- Pan-Africaism: Black people across the world shared common struggles because of colonialism and racism.
What quote is associated with Frantz Fanon?
- The colonized can see right away if the occupier is present, but the colonizer cannot see the colonized.
- The colonized are constantly aware of the colonizer’s presence, while the colonizer is blind to the experiences and realities of the colonized.
What are the main ideas of Frantz Fanon?
- Colonialism and Liberation: Psychological/social effects of colonization.
- Supports violent revolution for liberation.
What are the unique theories and vibes of Frantz Fanon?
- Focuses on racial identity and dehumanization.
- Marxist influence with emphasis on psychological impact.
How can Rousseau critique society but still say people form civilizations?
- He says society is a human invention, not natural.
- Civilization begins when people unite for survival, but it leads to inequality and corruption.
- The problem isn’t forming society—it’s that society drifts away from the General Will and starts serving the powerful.
What is prudence in Edmund Burke’s thought?
- Careful, cautious political change
- Respect for tradition and experience
- Avoids radical or sudden reforms
How can Marx want a classless society if he believes in class and materialism?
- Marx sees class struggle as the engine of history under capitalism.
- He thinks social structures come from economic systems.
- His goal is to abolish class divisions by changing the material system (capitalism ➡️ communism).
