New Art Vocabulary June 1

Question 1

type of Greek pottery that originated in Corinth c. 700 BCE and continued to be popular until the advent of red-figure pottery c. 530 BCE. In black-figure painting, figures and ornamentation were drawn on the natural clay surface of a vase in glossy black pigment; the finishing details were incised into the black.

Answer 1

black figure vase painting:

Question 2

is a style of Greek vase painting that was invented in Athens around 530 BCE. The style is characterized by drawn red figures and a painted black background.

Answer 2

red figure vase painting

Question 3

At the top center is a wake scene in which the deceased is shown lying down surrounded by mourners some of whom have their arms raised in gestures of grief. A wake scene like this

Answer 3

Prothesis

Question 4

In classical architecture, a colonnade all around the cella and its porch(es). A peripteral colonnade consists of a single row of columns on all sides; a dipteral colonnade has a double row all around.

Answer 4

Peristyle

Question 5

The uppermost course of the platform of a classical Greek temple, which supports the columns.

Answer 5

Stylobate

Question 6

The uppermost member of a column, serving as a transition from the shaft to the lintel. In classical architecture, the form of the capital varies with the order

Answer 6

Capital

Question 7

the part of a building above the columns and below the roof. The entablature has three parts: architrave, frieze, and pedi-ment.

Answer 7

Entablature

Question 8

the square panel between the triglyphs in a Doric frieze, often sculpted in relief.

Answer 8

Metope

Question 9

The so-called golden age of Athenian culture flourished under the leadership of Pericles (495-429 B.C.), a brilliant general, orator, patron of the arts and politician—”the first citizen” of democratic Athens, according to the historian Thucydides. Pericles transformed his city’s alliances into an empire and graced its Acropolis with the famous Parthenon. His policies and strategies also set the stage for the devastating Peloponnesian War, which would embroil all Greece in the decades following his death.

Answer 9

Pericles

Question 10

A triple projecting, grooved member of a Doric frieze that alternates with metopes.

Answer 10

Triglyph

Question 11

frieze is an ornamental band of decoration, or a heavy wool cloth that is shaggy and has an uncut nap.

Answer 11

Frieze

Question 12

In classical architecture, the triangular space (gable) at the end of a building, formed by the ends of the sloping roof above the colonnade; also, an ornamental feature having this shape.

Answer 12

Pediment

Question 13

The convex profile (an apparent swelling) in the shaft of a column.

Answer 13

Entasis

Question 14

A spiral, scroll-like form characteristic of the ancient Greek Ionic and the Roman Composite capital.

Answer 14

Volute

Question 15

The uppermost portion of the capital of a column, usually a thin slab

Answer 15

Abacus

Question 16

The convex element of a capital directly below the abacus.

Answer 16

Echinus

Question 17

A female figure that functions as a supporting column. See also atlantid.

Answer 17

Carytid

Question 18

(492–449 BCE), a series of wars fought by Greek states and Persia over a period of almost half a century. The fighting was most intense during two invasions that Persia launched against mainland Greece between 490 and 479. Although the Persian empire was at the peak of its strength, the collective defense mounted by the Greeks overcame seemingly impossible odds and even succeeded in liberating Greek city-states on the fringe of Persia itself. The Greek triumph ensured the survival of Greek culture and political structures long after the demise of the Persian empire.

Answer 18

Persian War

Question 19

a porous limestone formed from calcium carbonate deposited by springs or the like.

Answer 19

Tufa

Question 20

in architecture, decorative pedestal for an ornament or statue placed atop the pediment of a Greek temple; the term has also been extended to refer to the statue or ornament that stands on the pedestal. Originally a petal-shaped ornament with incised pattern, such as the honeysuckle, was placed on the ridge and at the eaves at either side of the pediment. Later this ornamentation was developed into groups of statuary, as at the Temple of Apollo (420 BC) on the island of Delos; the crowning group is dominated by Eos, the dawn, being lifted up by the handsome god Cephalus. At first, acroteria were made of terra-cotta, as were the roof tiles; later they were made of stone.

Answer 20

Acroteria

Question 21

an image or representation especially of a person especially : a crude figure representing a hated person.

Answer 21

Effigy

Question 22

a stone coffin, typically adorned with a sculpture or inscription and associated with the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Rome, and Greece.

Answer 22

Sarcofigus

Question 23

a small platform on which a person may stand to be seen by an audience, as when making a speech or conducting an orchestra

Answer 23

Podium

Question 24

an arch formed in a continuous curve; characteristic of Roman architecture. arch - (architecture) a masonry construction (usually curved) for spanning an opening and supporting the weight above it.

Answer 24

Rounded Arch

Question 25

A wedge-shaped stone block used in the construction of a true arch.

Answer 25

voussoir

Question 26

The central voussoir, which sets the arch

Answer 26

keystone

Question 27

a level area surrounded by seats for spectators, in which sports, entertainments, and other public events are held.

Answer 27

Arena

Question 28

Latin, “eye.” The round central opening of a dome. Also, a small round window in a Gothic cathedral.

Answer 28

Oculus

Question 29

A sunken panel, often ornamental, in a vault or a ceiling

Answer 29

Coffer

Question 30

A Roman private house.

Answer 30

Domus

Question 31

A recess, usually semicircular, in the wall of a building, com-monly found at the east end of a church.

Answer 31

Apse

Question 32

The central area of an ancient Roman basilica or of a church, demarcated from aisles by piers or columns.

Answer 32

Nave

Question 33

Also called the tunnel vault, the barrel vault is an extension of a simple arch, creating a semicylindrical ceiling over parallel walls. Pre-Roman builders constructed barrel vaults using traditional ashlar masonry (fig. 2-24), but those earlier vaults were less stable than concrete barrel vaults. As with arches (fig. 6-15), if even a single block of a cut-stone vault comes loose, the whole vault may collapse.
Using concrete, Roman builders could place windows at any point in a barrel vault, because once the concrete hardens, it forms a seamless sheet of “artificial stone” in which the openings do not lessen the vault’s structural integrity. Whether made of stone or concrete, barrel vaults require buttressing (lateral support) of the walls below the vaults to counteract their downward and outward thrust

Answer 33

Barrel Vault

Question 34

(or cross) vault is formed by the inter - section at right angles of two barrel vaults of equal size. Besides appearing lighter than the barrel vault.
needs less buttressing. Whereas the barrel vault’s thrust is continuous along the entire length of the supporting wall,
thrust is concentrated along the groins, the lines at the juncture of the two barrel vaults. Buttressing is needed only at the points where the groins meet the vault’s vertical supports, usually piers.
vaults as well as barrel vaults using stone blocks,

Answer 34

Groin Vault

Question 35

In Roman architecture, a multistory apartment house, usually made of brick-faced concrete; also refers to an entire city block.

Answer 35

Insula

Question 36

a square opening in the roof of the ancient Roman atrium toward which the roof sloped and through which the rain fell into the impluvium.

Answer 36

Compluvium

Question 37

In a Roman domus, the basin located in the atrium that collected rainwater.

Answer 37

Impluvium

Question 38

A central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings

Answer 38

Atrium

Question 39

Herrad’s Hortus deliciarum (Garden of Delights) is a history of the world intended for instructing the nuns under her supervision, but it reached a much wider audience

Answer 39

Hortus

Question 40

In Roman architecture, a multistory apartment house, usually made of brick-faced concrete; also refers to an entire city block.

Answer 40

Insula

Question 41

a square opening in the roof of the ancient Roman atrium toward which the roof sloped and through which the rain fell into the impluvium.

Answer 41

Compluvium

Question 42

In a Roman domus, the basin located in the atrium that collected rainwater.

Answer 42

Impluvium

Question 43

A central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings

Answer 43

Atrium

Question 44

Herrad’s Hortus deliciarum (Garden of Delights) is a history of the world intended for instructing the nuns under her supervision, but it reached a much wider audience

Answer 44

Hortus

Question 45

is a likeness of a person’s face after their death, usually made by taking a cast or impression from the corpse. Death masks may be mementos of the dead, or be used for creation of portraits.

Answer 45

Deathmask

Question 46

A Roman freeborn landowner.

Answer 46

Patrician

Question 47

an ancient Greek school of philosophy founded at Athens by Zeno of Citium. The school taught that virtue, the highest good, is based on knowledge; the wise live in harmony with the divine Reason (also identified with Fate and Providence) that governs nature, and are indifferent to the vicissitudes of fortune and to pleasure and pain.

Answer 47

Stoicism

Question 48

representation of the three-dimensional world on a two-dimensional surface in a manner that creates the illusion that the person, object, or place represented is three-dimensional.

Answer 48

Illusionism