Art history

Question 1

which began around 40,000 bce at the latest, was arguably the most important era in the entire history of art. It was then that humans invented the concept of recording the world around them in pictures, often painted on or carved into the walls of caves.
Human survived by hunting animals and grabbing edible plants for food.
Means old stone

Answer 1

Paleolithic Period

Question 2

describes all arts and crafts created by societies who had abandoned the semi-nomadic lifestyle of hunting and gathering food in favour of farming and animal husbandry.
Means New Stone Age

Answer 2

Neolithic Period

Question 3

When humans first gave up the dangerous and uncertain life of the hunter and gatherer for the more predictable and stable life of the farmer and herder, the change in human society was so significant that historians justly have dubbed it the
Mesopotamia

Answer 3

Neolithic Revolution

Question 4

is a magical modality that involves symbolically imitating the desired outcome. It may involve acting on a physical representation of a target or creating a physical representation of the outcome or recreating the desired outcome through motion and art.

Answer 4

sympathetic magic

Question 5

a tall upright stone of a kind erected in prehistoric times in western Europe.

Answer 5

Menhir

Question 6

a megalithic tomb with a large flat stone laid on upright ones, found chiefly in Britain and France.

Answer 6

Dolmen

Question 7

a prehistoric monument consisting of a circle of stone or wooden uprights.

Answer 7

Henge

Question 8

is a building system where strong horizontal elements are held up by strong vertical elements with large spaces between them.

Answer 8

Post and lintel

Question 9

the resistance of a material to breaking under compression

Answer 9

Compression strength

Question 10

refers to the ability of a structure to resist loads without failure because of excessive stress or deformation. Tensile strength is often referred to as ultimate tensile strength and is calculated by dividing the peak tension force the sample withstands by its cross sectional area.

Answer 10

Tension(tensile) strength

Question 11

government of a state by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided.

Answer 11

theocracy

Question 12

is a technique used in art, mostly in sculpture and painting, in which the artist uses unnatural proportion or scale to depict the relative importance of the figures in the artwork.

Answer 12

hierarchy of scale

Question 13

the belief in many gods

Answer 13

Polytheistic religion

Question 14

ancient Egyptian concepts of truth, balance, order, harmony, law, morality, and justice

Answer 14

Ma’at

Question 15

a principal aspect of the soul of a human being or of a god

Answer 15

ka

Question 16

rectangular superstructure of ancient Egyptian tombs, built of mud-brick or, later, stone, with sloping walls and a flat roof.
Arabic for bench

Answer 16

mastaba

Question 17

a narrow chamber of the ancient Egyptian mastaba either concealed or accessible only by a narrow passage and containing a statue of the deceased

Answer 17

serdab

Question 18

a cemetery, especially a large one belonging to an ancient city.

Answer 18

necropolis

Question 19

a granular crystalline igneous rock commonly of acid plagioclase and hornblende , pyroxene , or biotite .

Answer 19

diorite

Question 20

were a people of diverse origins, possibly from Western Asia, who settled in the eastern Nile Delta some time before 1650 BC

Answer 20

Hyksos

Question 21

In architecture, an engaged column is a column embedded in a wall and partly projecting from the surface of the wall, sometimes defined as semi or three-quarter detached.

Answer 21

engaged column

Question 22

is that column or pillar which is carved out from a rock without a basic support at the ground level. It is free standing and is not connected or linked with a wall. This kind of architecture is usually found among Egyptian architecture and is common in tombs built by Etruscan and Egyptians.

Answer 22

reserve column

Question 23

Some rock-cut architecture, mostly for tombs, is excavated entirely in chambers under the surface of relatively level rock. If the excavation is instead made into the side of a cliff or steep slope, there can be an impressive facade, as found in Lycian tombs, Petra, Ajanta and elsewhere.

Answer 23

excavated architecture

Question 24

the upper part of the nave, choir, and transepts of a large church, containing a series of windows. It is clear of the roofs of the aisles and admits light to the central parts of the building.

Answer 24

clerestory

Question 25

revolutionary style of Egyptian art created by Amenhotep IV, who took the name Akhenaton during his reign (1353–36 BCE) in the 18th dynasty. Akhenaton’s alteration of the artistic and religious life of ancient Egypt was drastic, if short-lived.

Answer 25

Akhenaton style

Question 26

A movable, brightly colored cone or shaft of rubber that is used to signal something to be avoided, such as a hazard or work zone on a roadway.

Answer 26

pylon

Question 27

in architecture, interior space whose roof rests on pillars or columns. The word means literally “under pillars,” and the design allows for the construction of large spaces—as in temples, palaces, or public buildings—without the need for arches. It was used extensively in ancient Egypt—where the Temple of Amon at Karnak provides a good example

Answer 27

hypostyle hall

Question 28

a common element in construction, and one which is most often found in an excavation environment. In simple terms, it is any kind of wall that has been built with an intentional slope; the word ‘batter’ in this context is an architectural term that refers to a particular type of angle.

Answer 28

battered wall

Question 29

the art and craft of building and fabricating in stone, clay, brick, or concrete block. Construction of poured concrete, reinforced or unreinforced, is often also considered masonry.

Answer 29

Masonry architecture