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DT - SECTION A > NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES > Flashcards

NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES Flashcards

1
Q

what is automation

A

the use of automatic equipment/machinery in production. They can do repetitive tasks that humans can do and can also perform computer based and physical tasks

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2
Q

advantages of automation

A
  • increased efficiency and speed of production
  • accurate and consistent output: no human errors made
  • reduced labour costs and they can work 24/7
  • they can work in all sorts of environments: dangerous environments that humans are at risk in.
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3
Q

disadvantages of automation

A
  • reduces workforce leading to job losses for many people
  • no human input/decision making
  • a skilled workforce is required to maintain and fix the robots
  • expensive to set up
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4
Q

where are robots commonly used

A
  • environments that are hazardous, exposed to high temperatures pr where there are harmful vapours.
  • assembly lines
  • manufacture of vehicles
  • laboratries
  • aerospace
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5
Q

stages in automated assembly line manufacture

A
  • delivery depot of raw materials and components
  • production line: raw materials are processed and components are assembled to make the product
  • packaging and distribution: product is wrapped, boxed and then shipped to customers
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6
Q

advantages of an automated assembly line manufacture

A

identical products are passed through the production line, making it easy to program the robots to perform repetitive operations. Precision is required and must be maintained, and robots enable that to happen. robots are able to work consistently and indefinitely.

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7
Q

Crowd funding definition

A

a way of raising money for a new business venture by asking a large number of people to each contribute a small amount of money, usually via online platforms

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8
Q

advantages of crowd funding

A
  • it’s linked to social media so there is maximum exposure
  • it is a fast way to raise money with no up-front fees, and you can ask anyone, it isn’t specific to a particular group of people
  • doesn’t require big investors, but requires many
  • highly visible way of reaching interested parties/investors
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9
Q

virtual marketing definition

A

the use of social media to spread awareness or reach a wide audience about a product, service or idea.

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10
Q

what is a cooperative

A

an enterprise that is owned and run by its members who may compromise its workforce or its customers
-> greater protection and stronger democratic voice

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11
Q

what is fair trade

A

Trade which offers fair prices, decent working conditions and fair terms of trade for farmers in less economically developed countries

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12
Q

advantages of using social media to raise awareness for a new company

A
  • enables mass marketing at a lower cost
  • it can attract global attention, making use of graphics and videos to achieve a viral advertising campaign
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13
Q

one disadvantage of crowd funding to a new company

A

if crowd funding doesn’t reach its funding target, the money invested so far may have to be returned, affecting the project as a whole and the reputation of the manufacturer

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14
Q

what is sustainability

A

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

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15
Q

what is a finite resource

A

finite resources are non renewable resources and are in limited supply.
Once used, they cannot be replenished fast enough and will eventually run out

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16
Q

examples of non-renewable materials

A

fossil fuels, coal, oil, gas, minerals, metal ores

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17
Q

what is a non-finite resource

A

non-finite resources are renewable resources, and are in an abundance of supply. they can be replaced at the rate they are being used
- a resource that is found naturally and can be replaced

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18
Q

examples of non-finite resources

A

solar, wind, timbers and cotton, water

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19
Q

what does a life cycle assessment do

A

allows companies to asses the environmental impact of a product during the different stages of a product’s life

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20
Q

different stages in the LCA

A
  1. extraction and processing - amount of energy used to extract raw material from the earth, or produce it through farming and process it so it’s ready for manufacturing
  2. manufacturing and production - energy required to manipulate the raw and refined materials into a product ready for sale
  3. distribution - packaging and transportation of the product to end user
  4. use
  5. end of life
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21
Q

factors of global warming and effects

A
  • manufacturing and the burning of fossil fuels contribute to increased levels of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants that are collecting in the atmosphere.
  • this contributes to global warming, which increases average global temperature and sea levels, causing extreme weather events
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22
Q

how is pollution and life cycle assessments linked?

A

a company can use the LCA to find out how much pollution is being created to make a product, and plan a reduction strategy

23
Q

benefits of using non-finite energy resources

A

-natural resources that are limited are not being used up and there will be enough to compromise the needs of the future generation
- harnessing renewable energy resources has a less detrimental effect on the environment
- renewable energy generates electricity which can be cleanly consumed. fossil fuels can cause pollution

24
Q

what is technology push

A

when new materials or technology are developed, and can improve an existing product or develop new ones

25
Q

Advantages of technology push

A

Leads to improved functionality, efficiency, and quality of products due to technological advancements.

Can create entirely new industries or product categories, leading to new business opportunities.
Solves Problems Consumers Didn’t Know They Had

New technologies can address issues or needs that consumers weren’t aware of, creating demand for new solutions.

26
Q

what is market pull

A

when product ideas are produced in response to meet the customer’s needs

27
Q

what is show rooming

A

when shoppers visit a shop to examine the product, before buying it online for a lower price

28
Q

what social factors do you need to consider when designing

A

culture - ethnic groups, political groups, religious groups and people with a disability and the elderly
- protected characteristics

29
Q

what can be designed or what can things feature, to be suited for users such as the elderly and disabled

A
  • clear and visible signage / instructions
  • illustrations of instructions - step by step
  • heights and sizes of things, making sure they are easy to reach and not too low
  • railing or extra support handles
30
Q

what is a flexible manufacturing system

A

a method of production designed to easily adapt to changes in the quantity or type of product being manufactured

31
Q

how can we reduce our ecological footprint

A
  • using low impact material
  • reducing material use
  • ensuring a prolonged lifetime
  • making sure materials can be recycled and re-used at the end of its lifespan
  • using renewable energy sources when producing a product
32
Q

what are the 6 Rs

A

reduce
reuse
recycle
rethink
refuse
repair

33
Q

The 6Rs: reduce

A

reduce the amount of energy and materials used in the manufacturing and packaging of a product

34
Q

The 6Rs:
reuse

A

reusing a product instead of buying a new one
-> you can leave it at a charity store or second hand store for someone else to reuse it

35
Q

The 6Rs:
recycle

A

sorting materials into different sections to be recycled, so less new materials are made and less raw materials need to be processed

36
Q

The 6Rs:
rethink

A

thinking if we can use an alternative of the product that is more sustainable
thinking if we really need to buy the product

37
Q

The 6Rs:
refuse

A

refusing products which are bad for the environment and aren’t sustainable

38
Q

The 6Rs:
repair

A

see if you can repair the product before throwing it away and buying a new one which is more expensive

39
Q

what is global warming

A

the gradual increase of the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere. it affects the ocean and climates and animals and other things

40
Q

what is planned obsolescence

A

when a product is designed to have a short useful life, and it eventually would need to be replaced. This benefits the manufacturer as it decreases the time customers take to rebuy their products
- maintains regular sales
- lifetime can be affected by trends and customer demands

41
Q

what is a biodegradable material

A

a material that breaks down naturally without causing any harm

42
Q

what is CAD

A

computer aided design - allows designers to draw, model and design on screen

43
Q

advantages of CAD

A
  • Designs can be created, modified, and shared quickly, saving time compared to traditional methods - Existing designs can be easily adjusted without starting from scratch
  • CAD files can be shared electronically, making it easier for teams to collaborate on projects and can be sent quickly across the world, allowing them to edit it
    -CAD designs can be directly used by CAM machines to produce parts, reducing errors in production.
44
Q

disadvantages of CAD

A
  • High Initial Cost: Purchasing CAD software and hardware can be expensive, especially for small businesses
    -Users need to be trained to use CAD software effectively, which takes time and resources.
    -Files can be lost or corrupted due to software crashes, hardware failure, or cyber-attacks.
45
Q

what is CAM

A

computer aided manufacturing using CAD

46
Q

advantages of CAM

A

-faster production process because CAD is used
-only uses the necessary amount of raw materials needed, reducing cost and waste

47
Q

advantages of a flexible manufacturing system

A
  • can produce different products at the same time, increasing efficiency
  • they can be set up easily and quickly, saving time and effort
  • can easily adapt to changes in product design, production volume, or material requirements without needing major reconfiguration.
    -Allows for mass customization, where products can be tailored to individual customer needs without significant extra cost.
48
Q

what is just in time manufacturing

A

when materials and components are delivered just before they are needed

49
Q

advantages of Just in time manufacturing

A
  • products are made to order, saving on storage space
  • stock doesn’t become old or out of date
  • more factory space can be utilised for other activities
  • materials and components are ordered as needed, keeping cash flow in control
50
Q

disadvantages of Just in time manufacturing

A
  • supply chain must be reliable and fast
  • sales are affected by any delay in deliveries or product failures
  • costs are higher, ordering in small quantities prevents bulk volume discounts
51
Q

what is designed for maintenance

A

when a product is designed to have parts and components which can be replaced and repaired when broken or damaged.

52
Q

advantages of designed for maintenance

A
  • less waste is produced as it saves the whole product from being thrown away (only the part/component is thrown away)
  • saves costs for customers
  • creates employment for engineers and a spare parts supply chain
53
Q

factors considered in design for disassembly

A
  • cost
  • reliability
  • longevity
  • sustainability
  • recyclability

DT - SECTION A (6 decks)

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